Tendência temporal das tentativas de suicídio em adolescentes no brasil de 2010 a 2022

Abstract

Suicide in adolescents is a major concern on today's agenda and is an important public health issue, given the epidemiological scenario of a progressive increase in deaths from self-harm in this age group in Brazil. In the global context, attempted suicide is seen as a public health problem, due to the physical, psychological and social damage caused to the victims, those close to them and communities, as well as being considered one of the main risk factors for suicide. It is estimated that for every death by suicide there are approximately 10 to 20 attempts, i.e. one attempt every three seconds. The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal trend in notification rates of suicide attempts in adolescents aged 10 to 19 in Brazil between 2010 and 2022. As for the methodology used, this is a descriptive, ecological and retrospective study, with a quantitative approach, for which secondary data was used, available on DATASUS, in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) database. The results obtained in this study showed that, in the period analyzed, Brazil had a total of 241,900 notifications of suicide attempts in adolescents aged 10 to 19, of which 22.9% were male and 77% were female and 0.1% were unknown, with an increasing trend and higher notification rates related to females, white race/color, the main place of occurrence being the victim's own home and the most commonly used means of aggression was sharp objects. The profile of suicide attempts in adolescents was characterized by females, aged 15 to 19, white race/color followed by brown, high school education and incomplete higher education and the predominant place of occurrence was the home. The data shows an upward trend in Brazil's 23 federal units and the highest rates found in the first years of the series studied are concentrated in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. In 2022, they were concentrated in the state of Espírito Santo and the Federal District.