Conhecimento e subjetividades: a [re]construção da promoção da saúde no Programa Academia da Saúde, no estado de Goiás
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2019-12-06
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Introduction: the Organic Law no. 8.080 / 1990, which establishes the Brazilian health system
SUS from a positive health perspective, considers that the coexistence of the promotion-
protection-recovery tripod is fundamental for the guarantee of health and life itself. Without
the coexistence of these three dimensions, it is not possible to provide the integrality and
universality, founding principles of that system. Object: the Programa Academia da Saúde, a
ministerial proposal created in 2011, seeks to implement support centers for the Rede de
Atenção à Saúde, specifically Atenção Primária à Saúde, for the development of health
promotion actions. Objective: the research aims to analyze the implementation of the Política
Nacional de Promoção à Saúde, made through the Programa Academia de Saúde, and its
configuration in the microspace context. The thesis presents two analytical categories: 1)
access and participation; and 2) understanding and incorporating beliefs and values about
health promotion within the Programa Academia de Saúde. Through a sociological reflection, it
seeks to understand the present nuances between the theoretical assumptions that underlie
the creation of this policy and the empirical field, anchoring in theorists of the sociology, such
as Bourdieu (1983, 1996, 2001, 2004), Foucault (1977, 1984, 1987, 2006), Giddens (1991,
2009), Butler (1997, 2015, 2018) and Agamben (2017). Methodology: the complexity to
develop studies related to the health field is combined with the qualitative and quantitative
approach, for it recognizes the limitations existing in the mentioned approaches and that
associating them makes it possible to minimize specific biases of each approach. As it is an
exploratory-descriptive study, with a quantitative and qualitative approach, it associates
multiple research and data collection methods and techniques. Therefore, an association is
made between documentary, descriptive statistics and field research. The field research
involved 04 (four) selected towns, in which 21 interviews were conducted with coordinators,
health professionals and users. Results: the preventive and functionalist character enrolled in
the institution's decree of the Programa Academia da Saúde, by proposing as a central
objective the promotion of body practices, physical activities, leisure and healthy lifestyles, is
presented in the realities of the subjects and in the territories of Goiás. Thus, even though it is
admittedly a free access program and for the general population, there is the presence of the
elderly population and/or people with non-communicable chronic diseases, such as
hypertension and/or diabetes. The participation of users is restricted to the presence in the
developed activities, not presenting processes that formalize and encourage their actions in
the program management. This is also demonstrated in the data extracted from monitoring,
by showing the low representativeness of these users and family members in the
management support group. Final Considerations: the perceptions and the way the Programa
Academia de Saúde and health promotion are known, recognized and (re)produced go
through the subjectivities and collectivities that exist in this microspace context. It is
considered that the program brings, in its core, the hybridizations between health paradigms
that coexist in the Sistema Único de Saúde. There is a complexity that comes from the
coexistence between concepts and practices of control, regulation of bodies and principles and
values that involve social participation, empowerment and social protagonism, such as
autonomy, social justice and health equity.
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PARREIRA, Fernanda Ramos. Conhecimento e subjetividades: a [re]construção da promoção da saúde no Programa Academia da Saúde, no estado de Goiás. 2019. 280 f. Tese (Doutorado em Sociologia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2019.