Fitoquímica e atividades biológicas de pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L. R. Landrum (Myrtaceae)
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2011-03-21
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The purpose of this work is to carry out the phytochemical study and evaluate
biological activities of the essential oil and extracts of the Pimenta
pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L.R. Landrum (Myrtaceae) leaves. Chapter 1 provides
a review of the main botanical aspects of the genus Pimenta, its chemical
composition and pharmacological potential. Chapter 2 describes the occurrence of
infraspecific variability in P. pseudocaryophyllus. For this the essential oils from 12
specimens of P. pseudocaryophyllus that occur naturally in three different locations
of the Brazilian Cerrado underwent a qualitative and quantitative analysis by gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The multivariate statistical analysis
identified three chemotypes of P. pseudocaryophyllus, characterized by the
predominance of citral, (E)-caryophyllene and (E)-methyl isoeugenol constituents.
Chapter 3 presents the phytochemical assessment of the hexane, dichloromethane,
ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions obtained from the crude ethanol extract of P.
pseudocaryophyllus leaves. Chromatographic and spectrophotometric (1H and 13C)
methods enabled the isolation and identification of lupeol, α-and -amyrin, oleanolic,
ursolic and betulinic acids, quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, afzelin, avicularin,
guaijaverin, catechin, ellagic acid and gallic acid. Chapter 4 assesses the
antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extracts, fractions (hexane, dichloromethane,
ethyl acetate and aqueous), essential oils and isolated compounds of citral (CQ) and
(E)-methyl isoeugenol (MQ) chemotypes of P. pseudocaryophyllus. The broth
microdilution test was applied to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) against strains of Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria, and of Candida and
Cryptococcus spp fungi. The CQ and MQ dichloromethane fraction, CQ ethyl acetate
fraction, and CQ essential oil were the most active (MIC = 62.5 to 500 mg / mL)
against Gram(+). The oleanolic acid proved to also be responsible for this action. The
CQ and MQ extracts of P. pseudocaryophyllus were active (MIC = 7.8 to 500 mg /
mL) against most strains of Candida spp and Cryptococcus spp, where gallic acid,
ellagic acid and quercitrin contributed to this action. The data obtained indicate the
antimicrobial potential of CQ and MQ P. pseudocaryophyllus against some infectious
diseases. Chapter 5 describes the antinociceptive activity, in mice, of CQ and MQ
ethanol extracts, CQ fractions and CQ essential oil, and the anti-inflammatory activity
of CQ crude ethanol extract of P. pseudocaryophyllus. The abdominal writhing test
induced by intraperitoneal administration (ip) of acetic acid (1.2% v / v) and the ear
edema test induced by croton oil (2.5% V/V) were performed. The CQ crude ethanol
extract (2000, 1000 and 500 mg/kg, po) showed a dose-dependent antinociceptive
effect. Among the fractions, only the aqueous fraction was not active. The CQ
essential oil (60, 200 and 600 mg / kg, po) presented significant antinociceptive
activity, probably because of its high citral concentration. Pretreatment with CQ crude
ethanol extract (2000, 1000 and 500 mg / kg) reduced edema by 14.3 ± 0.4 mg
(control) to 10.9 ± 0.5, 11.3 ± 0, 4, 10.5 ± 0.5 mg, respectively. The analgesic effect
may be related to an anti-inflammatory action observed in the ear edema test.
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Citação
PAULA, Joelma A. M. Fitoquímica e atividades biológicas de pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L. R. Landrum (Myrtaceae). 2011. 247 f. Tese (Doutorado em Biologia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2011.