Construção de referenciais auditivos no ensino inicial de violino: abordagem metodológica de Otakar Ševčík

Abstract

The aim of this research was to analyze Otakar Ševčík’s methodological approach to the violin initial learning and to demonstrate the auditory reference construction points for the placement of the left hand fingers on its strings, starting with the ‘Semitone System’ finger patterns inserted in his ‘Violin Method for Beginners’ op. 6. The cognitive development process in learning was discussed, as well as the applicability of methodological procedures related to the present muscular and auditory memory in the mentioned pedagogical proposal. The research methodology was ‘Qualitative’ with methodological procedures of ‘Bibliographic Survey’ and ‘Documentary Analysis’, which enables the identification of relevant information and data, so that relations with the Otakar Ševčík teaching methodology could be established. The bibliographical survey organization and the research relevant documents resulted in a ‘Corpus of texts’ firstly with excerpts of specific music authors which highlight the use of auditory references and finger patterns in violin teaching and learning methodologies; and secondly with pedagogical literature authors that according to the researcher could base the pedagogical practice of Ševčík (1901a): Morin (2007), Penna (2011), Harder (2003), Bourdieu, cited by Sandra Pesavento (1995), Folleto (2010), Gerle (2015), Perdomo Guevara (2005), Swanwick (1994) e Póvoas (2006). The research highlighted the publication importance of Ševčík’s pedagogical works as a factor that since 1881 may have led to a complete violin pedagogy transformation and consequently in it’s teaching and learning. The analysis of the ‘Corpus of texts’ made it possible to identify one (1) category to highlight: ‘Teaching / Learning’. It is concluded that there is an inseparable relationship between violin teaching and learning. The analysis of Otakar Ševčík’s methodological approach to initial learning has pointed to interconnection of cognitive processes in simultaneous complex movement execution in initial learning, and it was possible to identify orderly and determinant methodological procedures that can lead to auditory reference construction and gradual development of differentiated technical skills in the course of violin initial teaching and learning process.