Comportamentos de risco à saúde geral e bucal em adolescentes no Brasil: distribuição temporal, desigualdades socioeconômicas, padrões de agrupamentos e fatores associados
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2017-01-23
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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This thesis focuses on oral and general health-compromising behaviours among Brazilian adolescents. Such behaviours constitute major causes of morbimortality in the worldwide population, are often initiated during adolescence, and tend to track into adulthood. Oral diseases, like dental caries, periodontal disorders and cancer, share a number of behavioural risk factors that are common to other preventable chronic noncommunicable diseases. Nevertheless, there is no evidence about the overtime distribution, and socioeconomic inequalities, neither about clustering patterns with other health behaviours and associated factors of oral health- compromising behaviours among Brazilian adolescents. The present studied aimed to analyze oral health-compromising behaviours based on the Brazilian National School-based Student Health Surveys (PeNSE) as regards to: a) overtime distribution and social inequalities, and b) clustering patterns with other health behaviours and associated factors. The first approach is presented in one original paper regarding oral health behaviours changes over time in Brazilian adolescents, in relation to maternal educational inequalities. For this, we used data from PeNSE for the years 2009 and 2012, a survey that investigates health risk and protective factors among Brazilian adolescents attending schools. The results showed that: the proportion of adolescents with low toothbrushing frequency increased, and the consumption of sweets and soft drinks, and cigarette experimentation decreased. In private schools, we found higher soft drink consumption and higher cigarette experimentation among students who reported greater maternal education, while in public schools we found higher soft drink consumption among students who reported lower maternal education, and higher cigarette experimentation among students who reported greater maternal education. There were no inequalities for toothbrushing frequency or sweets consumption in both types of school. The second approach is presented in two original papers that described the clustering patterns of oral and general health-compromising behaviours among Brazilian adolescents and identified associated factors. For these analyses, we used data from the Brazilian National School-based Student Health Survey (PeNSE) for the year 2012. The main findings are: a) oral and general health-compromising behaviours were inter-related and clustered into two specific patterns; one cluster gathered a combination of lack of adherence to preventive behaviours and the undertaking of risky conduct, while the second reflected an unhealthy lifestyle; and b) the odds for presenting two or more oral health-compromising behaviours were greater for adolescents without parental involvement in homework, from public schools, males, whose mothers had fewer years of education, and of lower family affluence. It was concluded that the oral health-compromising behaviours underwent changes in their distribution over time; however they were not related to maternal education inequalities, have clustered with other health behaviours and were associated with sociodemographic and family factors among Brazilian adolescents. Interventions aiming at reducing health-compromising behaviours among adolescents should prioritize groups that have been identified as being at most risk and preferably employ a common risk factor approach.
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JORDÃO, Lídia Moraes Ribeiro. Comportamentos de risco à saúde geral e bucal em adolescentes no Brasil: distribuição temporal, desigualdades socioeconômicas, padrões de agrupamentos e fatores associados. 2017. 140 f. Tese (Doutorado em Odontologia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2017.