Inteligência artificial e racionalidade instrumental: implicações do ChatGPT nos processos educativos
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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This master’s research, developed in the Graduate Program in Education at the Federal
University of Goiás (PPGE/UFG) and situated within the research line of Educational Process
Fundamentals, focuses on analyzing the growing use of artificial intelligence, particularly
ChatGPT, in educational processes. The main objective of the study is to analyze the
implications of using ChatGPT as a mediator in knowledge production and its consequences
for the constitution of individuals. The study also aims to analyze the connections between the
development of the tool and instrumental rationality, which is objectively produced by the
capitalist mode of production, as well as the updates of pseudo-formative processes in
contemporary society. Therefore, this research involves the analysis of a subject supported by
the theoretical foundations of Critical Social Theory. The main references are Adorno
(1959/2010), Adorno and Horkheimer (1947/1985), Horkheimer (1947/2015), and Marx
(1867/2023). The fact that ChatGPT has developed and gained popularity as the primary
"solution" to knowledge production needs, within the range of tools based on artificial
intelligence development, is something that deserves further exploration and a more detailed
view. This is because the tool appropriates intellectual labor historically produced and presents
this "knowledge" as ready-to-use information to individuals, under the illusion of authorship.
In this process, there is a predominance of intellectual economy among the users of the tool,
implying an ephemeral experience with strictly pragmatic meaning. Thus, this research object
problematizes the already announced disharmony between the development of artificial
intelligence and the principles of humanization. From the study conducted, it was possible to
observe some emerging trends in this particular historical moment, updated through the
relationship of individuals with ChatGPT. Among them are: the expropriation of authorship, as
the production generated by the tool is done by an intelligence that is not the user's own,
depriving the individual of creativity, autonomy, and therefore authorship; the existence of a
productivity-driven logic, intrinsic to capitalist rationality, which imposes constant pressure on
individuals to optimize their time and increase productivity, constituting them to relentlessly
seek immediate results at the expense of process and reflection; the abandonment of developing
certain human capacities, such as concentration and focus; the decline in reading ability; as well
as an intensification of the process of capital valorization and the deepening of labor devaluation
due to the advent of generative artificial intelligence. To analyze the reconfiguration of the
world of work through AI, this research draws on the Marxian category of machinery,
questioning whether this category is still explanatory of reality. Thus, the main contribution of
the research is to reveal that ChatGPT is produced within the logic of instrumental rationality
and, when used as a mediating tool for knowledge production, contributes to the (de)formation
of individuals, reaffirming reification and dehumanization as a historical trend.