Padrões de distribuição e riqueza de espécies troglóbias no Brasil
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2020-08-31
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Caves have environmental conditions different from the surface, subjecting the subterranean
fauna to different selective pressures. Species highly adapted to the subterranean
environment are called troglobias, and share an evolutionary history of adaptation in aphotic
environments with few nutrients. One of the explanations for the emergence of these species
is provided by the hypothesis of Climate Change, in which cave populations maintained a gene
flow with the surface, but glacial events and ecological factors ended up isolating them
geographically and genetically. An alternative explation is provided by the Adaptive Deviation
hypothesis, in which the populations that invaded the caves in search of resources suffered
new selective pressures, and when the colonization was successful the population expanded in
the underground habitat, reducing the gene flow with the epigeal populations. The goal of this
study is to analyze which process determines the distribution and richness patterns of
troglobic species in Brazil, to identify the influence of paleoclimatic events in the region and to
analyze whether the distance between caves affects the structuring of the community. In
addition to estimates of tetrapod richness we also used paleoclimatic data from the last five
million years, including temperature, precipitation and primary productivity. The results
showed that the regions with the greatest wealth are highly correlated with the greatest
variation in temperature, and the least variation in precipitation. Data on primary productivity
and tetrapod richness did not show significant correlation.
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Citação
DIAS, P. A. Padrões de distribuição e riqueza de espécies troglóbias no Brasil. 2021. 27 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia e Evolução) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2020.