Musicoterapia no tratamento de pacientes vítimas de queimaduras: um estudo sobre níveis de dor e de ansiedade

Abstract

An intentional or unintentional accident, which generates Burns, brings relevant changes in the routine and planning of those who go through this condition, including facing the gaze, the comments and the different reactions depending on the sequelae experienced by the patient. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Music Therapy on pain and anxiety levels, seeking to understand the role of Music Therapy in the treatment of patients suffering from burns. The project was approved by the Research Committee of the School of music and Performing Arts and by the Ethics Committees of the Federal University of Goiás and the Secretary of health of the state of Goiás. It is about a clinical both qualitative and quantitative study, in music therapy. All stages (evaluation, initial interview, music therapeutic intervention and data collection) were performed by the researcher himself in a clinical context, being guided and supervised by a music therapist professor.A screening of the participants of the study was performed from the medical records, including patients who had burns of 2° degree on the upper limbs, admitted to specific ward for this clientele in a General hospital. The music therapy practice was grounded and developed through the musical experiences in music therapy defined by Bruscia (2016), as well as in the sound identities contextualized by Benenzon (1989). The data were collected through the Faces Scale EF , the Anxiety-State Questionnaire (IDATE – E), as well as testimonies collected after the music therapeutic intervention. The results showed that the performance of the music therapist in reducing pain and anxiety levels is effective for patients (p < 0.05). Faced with the results, analyzed and discussed, it was understood that the music therapist who works with burns needs to have an integral/ biopsychosocial-spiritual look at this individual and can be inserted in the multidisciplinary team that serves this clientele. Although the performance of Music Therapy with the clientele served in the research is still little explored in Brazil, the research demonstrated its effectiveness. It was concluded that music therapy can help reduce pain and anxiety in the treatment of burn victims, contributing to the coping of patients who are facing invasive and frequent procedures such as changing dressings.