Do controle externo da atividade policial pelo Ministério Público do Estado de Goiás como política pública de segurança para redução do número de mortes de civis causadas por agentes públicos

Abstract

This research investigates deaths resulting from police intervention in Goiás. Its objective is to analyze the deaths and the actions of the Public Prosecutor's Office of Goiás during the year 2023, exploring the structural factors that make up the process of constructing the State's actions in the deaths of its own citizens. Public security policies in the State of Goiás present an important contradiction: on the one hand, there is a reduction in the main crime rates, such as homicide, theft and robbery; on the other hand, there is an increase in the numbers related to civilian deaths caused by public agents. In order to understand the phenomenon that causes this incongruity, a bibliographic study of the main works related to Public Policy was adopted. The importance of public policies in the realization of fundamental social rights is addressed and the cycle of public policies is analyzed. The article begins with the historical trajectory of the theme of traditional Public Security Policy, from the conceptual perspective of reaction, up to the current moment in which Evidence-Based Public Security Policy is practiced in consolidated democracies. Despite constitutional achievements, the vulnerability of young people in Goiás is analyzed, notably from the perspective of mortality, given the intersectionality of various risk situations. It is pointed out that young, mixed-race men, in this sense, have a qualified vulnerability due to their criminal history, considering a higher proportion of deaths than that of the general population of Goiás. Next, the public security policies in Brazil and Goiás are analyzed. Regarding the methodology, it is based on a qualitative and quantitative approach by combining descriptive and inferential analysis of the variables raised in the census of deaths resulting from police intervention, examining the external control of police activity carried out by the Public Prosecutor's Office of the State of Goiás, in the concentrated and diffuse modalities, both extrajudicial and judicial, the latter through the research of the Integrated Service Records (RAI) and records filed in the electronic system maintained by the Judiciary of Goiás (Projudi GO) related to cases of deaths resulting from police intervention. Thus, it was possible to verify the ineffectiveness of the external control of police activity carried out by the Public Prosecutor's Office, as well as its complete absence in the formulation and evaluation of public security policy. Based on this diagnosis, it is possible to propose actions and improvements in public security policies, notably the performance of the Public Prosecutor's Office of Goiás in partnership with the Federal University of Goiás, in an attempt to replace the traditional thinking of Public Security that dominates Goiás with a model based on evidence. The article discusses public security policies, addressing institutional arrangements and intersectoral cooperation between the various responsible bodies. Finally, it proposes measures that aim to contribute to the institutional improvement of the entity constitutionally designated to act in public security policy in Goiás so that it can continue to reduce the main crime rates and, at the same time, reduce the deaths of civilians caused by public agents and cases of abuse committed by police officers in recent years in Goiás.