Entre a plataforma e a redação: a circulação de desinformação sobre vacinas no Telegram e o contraponto do jornalismo digital no G1

Abstract

This thesis investigates the circulation of informational and disinformational content about vaccines, between 2020 and 2025, across two contrasting digital environments: anti-vaccine channel on Telegram and the digital journalism practiced by the news portal G1. The study is based on the premise that these two spheres operate under distinct communicational logics: one marked by opacity, deregulation, and ideological bubble closure, and the other anchored in the pursuit of verification, visibility, and public responsibility. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining network analysis and content analysis techniques to map circulation flows, discursive patterns, and possible interpenetrations between the ecosystems analyzed. From a corpus extracted through computational tools, recurrent rhetorical and semantic strategies were identified in anti-vaccine discourses — many of them supported by systematized disinformation — as well as how G1 addresses related topics with an informative and scientific bias. The hypothesis that digital journalism does not significantly penetrate disinformational bubbles was confirmed, reinforcing the perception that solid disinformational barriers exist in these spaces. The thesis concludes that the anti-vaccine movement on the Telegram channel challenges journalism to rethink its dissemination strategies, while the mutual invisibility between the two environments highlights the urgency for other social actors to reposition themselves communicatively in the face of disinformation.