Desempenho da firma e práticas ESG: empresas do agronegócio do Brasil, EUA, BRICS e ue

Abstract

This study examines the descriptive statistics and institutional differentiation of global agribusiness, comparing firm performance across Brazil, BRICS, the United States, and the European Union. The methodology utilized mean difference tests (ANOVA), Pearson correlation matrices, and multilevel modeling (HLM3). The findings reveal that Brazil holds an isolated global leadership in environmental performance (EPS) and ESG reporting transparency, establishing itself as a worldwide sustainability benchmark for the sector. However, the country faces significant structural challenges regarding board gender diversity and financial technical specialization. While the USA leads in market valuation (Tobin's Q), the HLM3 random effects results confirm that governance and sustainability practices are profoundly shaped by the "institutional DNA" of each economic block. The study concludes that Brazilian agribusiness governance is structurally independent and focused on environmental compliance, yet it still lacks internal renewal and diversity.