Doutorado em Ciências Biológicas (ICB)
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Navegar
Navegando Doutorado em Ciências Biológicas (ICB) por Título
Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 65
Resultados por página
Opções de Ordenação
Item Ação biológica in vitro de tiossemicarbazonas derivadas de canfeno e limoneno em células de melanoma humano (SK-MEL-37)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-05-16) Passos, Débora Cristina Silva dos; Oliveira, Cecília Maria Alves de; Guillo, Lídia Andreu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3401436781775091Melanoma is a type of cancer that arises from melanocytes and is notoriously resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. The thiosemicarbazones are synthetic compounds with marked biological properties such as antibacterial, antiviral, antiprotozoal and antitumor and previous studies have demonstrated cytotoxic activity against the human melanoma cells, so in this study, we evaluated the antiproliferative activity, the enzymatic activity of Caspases 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, the effect on the cell cycle gene expression levels of caspases 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, Apaf-1 and microscopic morphological changes in human melanoma cells (SK -MEL-37) twenty one monoterpene derived from natural thiosemicarbazone (-) - camphene: camphene, benzaldehyde, benzophenone, menthone, ethyl pyruvate, p-nitroacetophenone, pchloroacetophenone, p-methoxyacetophenone, p-methylacetophenone, p fluoracetofenona-phidroxiacetofena, furan, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-fluorbenzaldehyde, 2- hydroxybenzaldehyde, cinnamic aldehyde, thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde, 1-H-imidazole-4- carboxaldehyde, tiossemicaroazida and six montoterpeno natural R-(+)-limonene: benzaldehyde, thiosemicarbazide, o-nitro, m-nitro, p-nitro, p-hydroxy and p-dimethylamino. The values found for the inhibitory concentration for 50% of cells (IC50) were between 12 μM and 55 μM. The percentage of cells in phase and in phase G0/G1 decreased SG2 / M increased after forty-eight hours of incubation with benzaldehyde thio-camphene, limonene thio-benzaldehyde, m-nitro, p-hydroxy and thiosemicarbazide increased indicating that the growth inhibitory effect might be also due to arrest of cells at S-G2/M phase. We observed increased activity of caspase 3 (m-nitro thio-limonene), 6 (camphene thio-benzaldehyde and p-hydroxy thio-limonene) and 8 (thio-benzaldehyde limonene). Late apoptotic features were detected in 62% of cells treated with benzaldehyde thio-camphene and morphological changes typical of apoptosis were visualized by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after treatment with benzaldehyde thio-camphene chosen due to their low IC50 value (12 mM). It was observed gene expression of caspases 2, 3, 6, 8 and Apaf-1 in cells treated with benzaldehyde thio-camphene indicating the participation of these enzymes in the anti-proliferative effect observed. Our results indicate that the thiosemicarbazones derivatives can inhibit proliferation, regulate cell cycle, induce apoptosis of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-37) and could be an candidate for future preclinical in vivo studies.Item Alteração no padrão de expressão de genes associados ao perfil leucemogênico da leucemia linfóide aguda infantil: antes e depois da quimioterapia de indução(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-01-13) Minasi, Lysa Bernardes; Silva, Daniela de Melo e; Cruz, Aparecido Divino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7868817504129985The ALL is a malignant disorder that originates from a precursor cell lympho-hematopoietic system compromised for the development of B or T lymphocyte lineage.The precursor cell acquisition by a series of genetic abnormalities alters the normal process of maturation leading to cellular differentiation arrest and leukemic clone proliferative advantage on cells of hematopoietic tissue. More than 50 recurrent genetic alterations have been identified in the ALL. These often involve genes known or putative role in the development of lymphocytes and in the case of leukemogenesis.In this study, the variation in the expression of molecular markers was analyzed using PCR methodology array on 16 children with ALL before treatment and at the end of induction chemotherapy (D +28). These patients were diagnosed in HAJ and SCMG, from May 2012 to January 2013. Samples of bone marrow or peripheral blood were sent to NPReplicon-PUC-GO. In the present study we observed a negative correlation between gender and immunophenotype (p = 0.016), females have a greater association with immunophenotype B and less associated with immunophenotype T. We also observed a positive correlation between immunophenotype and age (p = 0.04), immunophenotype and marker CD10 + (p = 0.03), immunophenotype and risk group (p = 0.015) and marker CD10 + and risk group (p = 0.043). Before treatment the gene RUNX1 met with increased expression by 5.0 times compared to the control group and after induction chemotherapy was observed a reduction in its expression. The expression pattern of the gene TAL1 showed significant decrease, with the exception of post-treatment analysis showed that an increase in its expression. A positive correlation was observed between the expression of BAX and BCL2 (r = 0.94 and p <0.0001. We demonstrated a significant difference in gene expression pattern of ALL at diagnosis and after induction therapy. We conclude our observation regarding the gene expression profile in patients with ALL enrolled in this study, but to define a panel of molecular markers is necessary to evaluate several other genes involved in the process of leukemogenesis in ALL with the help of other methodologies.Item Alterações cardiovasculares induzidas pelo aumento da ingestão de sal ou de sacarose(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-01-17) Moreira, Marina Conceição dos Santos; Pedrino, Gustavo Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1155446449250341; Pedrino , Gustavo Rodrigues; Santos, Fernanda Cristina Alcântara dos; Rebelo, Ana Cristina Silva; Reis, Ângela Adamski da Silva; Mendes, Elizabeth PereiraCardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their complications are the main causes of death around the world nowadays. Among these diseases, the hypertension stands out because of its great prevalence and multifactorial characteristic. Several studies demonstrate that, among other factors, the increased intake of industrialized food (rich in both salt and sugar) contribute to the pathophysiology of salt-dependent hypertension and obesity-related hypertension. However, the high sucrose intake induced cardiovascular modifications still need to be clarified. Based on these information, we sought to evaluate the effects of high salt intake of different durations during the post-natal period and of high sucrose intake in adulthood on cardiovascular parameters in adult animals. The present study sought to determine the cardiovascular and autonomic effects of salt and sucrose overload in adult animals. We evaluated the mean arterial pressure (MAP), the heart rate (HR) and the baroreflex sensitivity of the animals submitted to salt overload after weaning and to sucrose overload in adulthood and the cardiac morphology and Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla (RVLM) sensitivity after salt overload. 21 days old male Wistar rats received hypertonic saline solution (NaCl 0,3M) for 30 or 60 days (experimental groups). The control groups were maintained with tap water for equivalent period. After the treatment, the groups were maintained with tap water and food for 15 days (recovery period). A distinct group of adult animals was submitted to sucrose overload for 30 days. At the end of the experimental protocols, the animals were chronically cannulated. 24h after the surgery, the basal cardiovascular parameters and its modifications induced by baroreflex/chemoreflex stimulation were recorded. The baroreflex index was calculated as the ratio between HR and MAP changes after each infusion of phenylephyne and sodium nitroprusside. There were no differences between baseline MAP and HR of the animals treated during 30 days compared to the age-matched control animals (cont.: 118.2 ± 3.7 mmHg vs. exp.: 112.3 ± 4.0 mmHg; cont.: 404.0 ± 10.6 bpm vs. exp.: 374.7 ± 9.1 bpm). However, these animals presented diminished baroreflex sensitivity compared to the control group (BI: cont.; -2.441 ± 0.359 bpm/mmHg vs. exp.: -1.434 ± 0.086 bpm/mmHg, p<0.05). The animals submitted to high salt intake for 60 days after weaning presented increased MAP (cont. 98.6 ± 2.6 mmHg vs. exp. 117.7 ± 4.2 mmHg; p<0.05) and HR (cont. 365.4 ± 12.2 bpm vs. exp. 392.5 ± 10.3 bpm; p<0.05) compared to their control group. Moreover, the baroreflex sensitivity was diminished in those animals (cont. -1.83 ± 0.04 bpm/mmHg vs. exp. -1.24 ± 0.19 bpm/mmHg; p<0.05). The type I collagen relative frequency increased in the hearts of adult animals after 60 days after salt overload (cont.: 15.74 ± 0.61% vs. exp.: 19.79 ± 1.26%; p<0.05) but no differences were observed in the cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area. Furthermore, the pressure response to glutamate nanoinjections into the RVLM was increased in the animals treated for 60 days compared to the control group (cont.: Δ15.47 ± 2.56 mmHg vs. exp.: Δ34.31 ± 4.65 mmHg; p<0.05). The sucrose-treated animals presented increased MAP and HR compared to the control group (cont.: 102.5 ± 1.4 mmHg vs. exp.: 111.3 ± 0.9 mmHg; cont.: 334.7 ± 7.3 bpm vs. exp.: 371.6 ± 4.7 bpm; p<0.05). Furthermore, they presented diminished hypotension-induced baroreflex sensitivity (cont.: 5.0 ± 0.1 bpm/mmHg vs. exp.: 4.0 ± 0.1 bpm/mmHg; p<0.05) and increased pressure response after chemoreflex stimulation (cont.: 14.9 ± 1.9 mmHg vs. exp.: 29.2 ± 5.5 mmHg; p<0.05). Our results allow us to conclude that changes in the reflex regulation of blood pressure induced by salt overload after weaning precede the cardiovascular effects induced by such protocol, indicating that baroreflex sensitivity modifications can occur independently on permanent blood pressure changes. Moreover, salt overload after weaning promotes increases in RVLM sensitivity in adult animals. Furthermore, sucrose overload promotes MAP, HR and chemoreflex sensitivity elevation, whereas it promotes diminish of baroreflex sensitivity in adult rats. Taken together, our results allow us to conclude that changes in salt or sucrose intake produce permanent modifications in the arterial pressure control and such modifications are, in part, induced by changes in neuronal regulation of blood circulation.Item Alterações fisiológicas de gramíneas tropicais submetidas a diferentes níveis de irradiância(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-24) Silva, Laudson Ferreira da; Castro, Tomás de Aquino Portes e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7313401367533383; Silva, Silvana Petrofeza da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6823998544968373; Silva, Silvana Petrofeza da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6823998544968373; Castro, Tomás de Aquino Portes e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7313401367533383; Melo, Hyrandir Cabral de; Moraes, Moemy Gomes de; Lopes, Francis Julio FagundesThis work aimed to analyze the growth and the partition of assimilates in plants such as Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, U. decumbens cv. Basilisk, Panicum maximum cv. Massai and Cynodon dactylon cv. Vaquero, submitted to three levels of luminosity (100, 50 and 25%). The plants were collected at regular intervals of seven days, from the 20th day after the emergency (DAE), to seventy six DAE, with a last collection of ninety DAE. The height (H), tiller number (TN), root dry matter (RDM), stem dry matter (SDM), leaf dry matter (LDM), leaf mass ratio (LMR), ratio between root dry matter and aerial part of the dry matter (RRAP), total dry matter (TDM), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR), liquid assimilation rate (LIAR), relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), chlorophyll and carotenoids content. The analyzed species grew and developed in an environment with 50% of light equivalent to plants grown in full sun, since there were no significant differences regarding H, RDM, SDM, LDMC, TDM. Similarly, there was no significant difference in LIAR, RGR and CGR in the species, except in P. maximum, which presented such physiological indicators of growth higher than plants grown in the full sun. LAI was also equivalent, except for U. brizantha and U. decumbens, which presented higher index than plants in full sun. The luminosity level of 25% negatively affected the growth and development of the species, except in P. maximum, whose results were equivalent to those presented in full sun and 50% of light. Species demonstrate tolerance to light restriction and, therefore, production potential to be used in silvopasture and agrosilvopasture production systems.Item Análise da dinâmica do glicoproteoma de trichoderma asperelloides durante o micoparasitismo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-01-21) Naoum, Stéphanie; Monteiro, Valdirene Neves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8264822485508916; Ulhoa, Cirano José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8368469162867277; Ulhoa, Cirano José; Bailão, Alexandre Melo; Georg, Raphaela de Castro; Paula, Renato Graciano deGlycosylation is a post-translational modification that occurs in most cells and is an important mechanism for several cellular processes such as protein secretion, cell signaling, protein translocation and stability, maintenance of cell structure and receptor-ligand interactions. In fungi there is a set of enzymes specialized in glycosylation of proteins, exerting functions related to the structure of the cell wall and the cell as a whole, assisting in integrity, growth, differentiation and signaling. Fungi of the genus Trichoderma are known for their ability to biocontrol through mycoparasitism mechanisms involving the production of cell wall degrading hydrolytic enzymes. Therefore, the objective of this work was to identify the N-glycosylated proteins produced by T. asperelloides (TR356) during mycoparasitism. The Concanavalin A (ConA) affinity chromatography technique was used to enrich the samples and select N-glycated glycoproteins with oligomannosidic structure. In the interaction between the fungi, the contact condition showed a difference in the protein content when compared to the control samples. The specific activities of the enzymes β-1,3-exoglycanase, β-1,3-endoglycanase, chitinase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, α-mannosidase, α-arabinofuranosidase and demonstrated a significant increase in activities in conditions before contact and contact. Several proteins were identified in the samples using the mass spectrometry technique. A total of 253 proteins were identified in the control sample. In samples referring to before contact and contact between T. asperelloides (TR 356) and S. sclerotiorum the number of identified proteins was higher, 582 and 524 proteins, respectively. We can infer that the presence of the pathogen S. sclerotiorum in the same environment as T. asperelloides stimulates the production of specific proteins for this situation, necessary for mycoparasitism. Glycoproteins with different amounts of N-glycosylation sites involved in mycoparasitism were identified, and the number of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites increased in pre-contact and in-contact situations. Most secreted proteins are involved in carbohydrate metabolism and transport, cell signaling, and post-translational modifications and folding. The identified proteins of the intracellular environment are involved in post-translational modification and protein folding, in carbohydrate metabolism and transport, and in cellular metabolism in general. Finally, we observed that a significant number of identified proteins still do not have a defined function, which can be considered an important source of new studies and new knowledge in relation to mycoparasitism.Item Análise do transcriptoma de arroz de terras altas (Oryza sativa L.) cultivado sob condição de seca(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-03-31) Silveira, Ricardo Diógenes Dias; Brondani, Claudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4775600104554147The upland rice is sensitive to drought especially during the reproductive phase, when even moderate stress can result in drastic reduction in yield. Upon the occurrence of the drought a variety of genes is induced in plants, triggering a complex network of responses that extends from the perception and recognition of sign of stress, through activation of adaptive response genes. The objective of this thesis was to study the transcriptome of two Brazilian cultivars of upland rice (Douradão and Primavera) contrasting in relation to drought tolerance, and subjected to two experiments under water deficit in two consecutive years. In the first year, corresponding to Article 1, the transcripts from leaf samples were sequenced by RNA-seq, and in the second year, corresponding to Article 2, the transcripts from leaf and root samples were sequenced, for both cultivars, under normal and limited irrigation during the reproductive phase. In Article 1, the sequencing showed in Douradão 27,618 transcripts, from which 24,090 (87.2 %) showed homology to rice genes and 27,221 transcripts in Primavera, from which 23,663 (86.9 %) showed homology to rice genes. Douradão had 493 diferentially expressed genes (DEGs) and Primavera 1,154 DGEs. In Article 2 it were identified 44,978 and 37,898 transcripts in leaf and root tissues, respectively. Douradão showed 3,554 and 840 diferentially expressed genes (DEGs), in leaf and root tissues, respectively, while Primavera showed 1,141 and 1,975 DEGs on those tissues, respectively.It were identified genes from different metabolic routes related to distinct drought tolerance mechanisms in leaf and root tissues, such as cell signaling -related genes, transcription factors, functional protective proteins and cell cellular detoxification enzymes. A set of expressed genes from both tissues were validated by RT–qPCR and most of them were similar to the results of RNA-seq results. The rice transcripts not annotated were submitted to an orthology analysis in relation to the Arabidopsis thaliana databank, which revealed one gene related to the root cell growth Douradão. The 16 genes validated by RT-qPCR will be used as molecular markers for marker assisted selection in the upland rice breeding program and are candidate genes for use in transformation of rice cultivars susceptible to drought.Item Análise metabólica em ratos Wistar submetidos à dessincronização circadiana forçada e alimentação em tempo restrito(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-01-26) Oliveira, Isis Gabrielli Barbieri de; Rosa, Daniel Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5848020104921718; Rosa, Daniel Alves; Pansani, Aline Priscila; Araújo, John Fontenele; Torsoni, Marcio Alberto; Iglesia, Horacio de laThe suprachiasmatic nucleus is part of a multi-oscillatory timing system in mammals, regulating various physiological rhythms and under modulation by internal or environmental synchronizers, among them: the light-dark cycle (LD), the most important photic synchronizer of this system. However, non-photic synchronizers such as food availability remain more unclear. Here, we use Wistar rats (250-300g) randomly distributed into four groups: control CTR AL under a symmetrical cycle of 12:12h LD and ad libitum food availability or CTR RF with time-restricted feeding (TRF); DSC AL submitted to the forced circadian desynchronization protocol under a symmetrical cycle of 11:11h LD with ad libitum food availability and DSC RF with TRF, during eight weeks to evaluate the impact of DSC and TRF on locomotor activity, hepatic metabolism and on the antioxidant system. During the eighth week, all animals were submitted to the insulin and glucose tolerance test – ipITT and oGTT. After 48h of recovery, they were euthanized. Plasma, liver and hypothalamus samples were removed and stored for biochemical analyses, Western blotting and RT-qPCR. Results: As expected, all DSC animals showed dissociation of the locomotor activity rhythm. TRF increased the rate of dyssynchrony in the DSC RF group, indicating dominance of the light-entrained component (LEC). DSC or TRF separately did not alter total food intake or body mass, but the association of both included total food intake, reflecting on the evolution of body mass. However, the separate analysis of food intake in the LD phases demonstrates that in the light phase intake is higher in the DSC group when compared to the CTR AL.TRF promotes simultaneous increase of NPY and CART only in animals under LD cycle 12:12h. DSC increased DSC increased the gene expression of PTEN, PTPN1 and G6Pase, the PI3K protein, the activity of SOD-1 and catalase enzymes and the oxidative stress biomarkers TBARS and protein carbonyl in the liver, but TRF attenuated only the effects on G6Pase and PI3K. Conclusion: In summary, these findings show that forced desynchronization increases considerable oxidative stress and promotes changes in insulin signaling in liver, which were not attenuated by the association with TRFItem Aplicações biotecnológicas de feijões endurecidos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-09-16) Batista, Karla de Aleluia; Bassinello, Priscila Zaczuk; Fernandes, Kátia Flávia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9737543228759171Beans are legumes that present high content of protein, which make them one of the most important sources of nutrients in Brazil. Despite their excellent nutritional profile, changes in biochemical and physico chemical properties during storage leads to the hardening of grains, which compromise their texture and palata bility. It is known that bean’s hardening is responsible for losses about of 100.000-500.000 ton of beans per year. In addition, considering that per capita intake of beans in Brazil was 16 Kg/person/year, the content of discharged grains as function of hardening could feed 34 million of Brazilian. In this scenario, several processes have been tested aiming to provide na alternative of inclusion for these residues. In this work, hardened beans from gen us Phaseolus (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Vigna (Vigna unguiculata) were treated by autoclaving and extrusion and the products were tested regarding their applicability in biotechnological area. The extruded beans presented nutritional and technological properties that allowed their use as ingredients in bread production. Results evidenced that breads made using a mixture of extruded bean and wheat flours presented 10% higher protein and 2.5-hold higher fiber than breads made with 100% wheat flour. These results indicate that extruded bean flours constitute ingredie nts nutritionally and economically viable for technological application in breads elaboration, conferring improvement of nutritional characteristics without changing sensory attributes. The extruded hardened beans were also used as ingredient of culture me dium replacing the traditional nitrogen sources. Results evidenced that the use of extruded cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) flour is not promising since the optical density of microorganisms grown in culture medium containing extruded cowpea was 20% lower than the optical density observed in commercial media. On the other hand, the microorganisms grown in media containing extruded common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) presented higher values of optical density and protein expression when compared to commercial broths. Alternatively, the grains were treated by autoclaving, with perspective of use the whole grain. Results evidence that after autoclaving the hardness of grains remained high, which disable their use of whole grain. However, the autoclaving process improve d the nutritional quality without modifying the technological properties. Finally, results evidenced that each genus presented a different behavior after treatment by extrusion or autoclaving. Thus, it is evident that the type and conditions processing use dwill depend of bean characteristics as well as the properties required to the proposal application.Item Aspectos moleculares da interação patogênica entre Sclerotinia sclerotiorum e Phaseolus vulgaris L.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-02-26) Oliveira, Marília Barros; Silva, Silvana Petrofeza da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6823998544968373; Cunha, Marcos Gomes; Vianello, Rosana Pereira; Melo, Hyrandir Cabral de; Lobo Júnior, MurilloWhite mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary is one of the most devastating diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and others crops. This study aimed to achieving a better understanding of the pathosystem S. sclerotiorum-P. vulgaris identifying genes potentially involved in this interaction. Two different approaches were used to evaluate this pathosystem: 1) susceptible cultivar Pérola (BRS) of P. vulgaris; and 2) treatment of this cultivar with the resistance inducer methyl jasmonate (MeJA). For both situations, a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA library approach was used to identify differentially expressed genes in the pathogen and the host plant. In the interaction between the susceptible cultivar and S. sclerotiorum 979 unigenes (430 contigs and 549 singletons) were inentified with 29% of these unigenes were categorized as fungal genes, related to cell wall degradation, proteins degradation, oxidative stress among other. And 58,3% were categorized as plant genes related to energetic metabolism, protein degradation, response to biotic and abiotic stress. The selection of differential clones of their libraries SSH has been validated by reverse transcription and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Were validated genes related to pathogenicity and virulence factors of S. sclerotiorum, such as genes encoding enzymes that degrade plant cell walls (polygalacturonases, cellulases, hemicellulases and proteases). And besides these, defense-related genes of the host plant as: pathogenesis-relateds genes (PR1, PR2, and PR3), phenylpropanoid pathway (Isof, FPS1, and 4CL), and involved in defense and stress-related categories (Lox, Hiprp, GST, POD, and DOX). Exogenous MeJA application induced partial resistance agains S. sclerotiorum in plants as well as a consistent increase in pathogenesis- related protein activities. Furthermore, the validation of SSH made by RT-qPCR showed differential expression of important unigenes over time, such as: pathogenesis related protein PR3 (chitinase class I), PvCallose (callose synthase), PvNBS-LRR (NBS-LRR resistance-like protein), PvF-box (F-box family protein-like), and a polygalacturonase inhibitor protein (PGIP). The data obtained in this study have highlighted some of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenicity of the fungus, as well as defense responses produced by the plant in two conditions evaluated, thus contributing to a better understanding of pathosystem.Item Atividade tóxica e genotóxica induzida por combinações de antirretrovirais em Drosophila melanogaster e camundongos Mus musculus(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-11-07) Moraes Filho, Aroldo Vieira de; Lee, Chen Chen; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4621907105842007; Lee, Chen Chen; Spanó, Mário Antônio; Pires, Débora de Jesus; Morais, Simone Maria Teixeira de Sabóia; Silva, Carolina Ribeiro eAs result of several mutations of HIV and failures resulting in treatments with only one medicine, it became critical to use a combination of two or more antiretrovirals in AIDS treatment protocols. So, the investigations that were carried out in this research were concentrated in the evaluation of the effects related with cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Efavirenz (EFV) e Tenofovir (TDF) as isolated and in combination with Combivir® (AZT+3TC) and Lamivudina (3TC). For this, three test systems were used: (i) the Comet assay in Drosophila and mouse bone marrow in order to determine the genotoxic effects of the drugs tested by the DNA strand breaks; (ii) the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster, that evaluates the toxic, mutagenic and recombinogenic activity of the compounds and (iii) the Micronucleus Test (MN) in mouse bone marrow, that detects aneugenic and clastogenic effects of agents. The results demonstrated that EFV was toxic at high concentrations and did not show induction of mutagenic and/or recombinogenic events. Inversely, Combivir and Combivir+EFV showed no lethal dose 70 (LD 70) in the concentrations used for genotoxic analysis, but induced mutagenic and/or recombinogenic effects in all tested concentrations, with prevalence of recombinogenic events. The antiretrovirals TDF, 3TC and TDF + 3TC were not toxic, but were gentoxic in all tested concentrations, with a prevalence of recombinogenicity. All of the isolated and combined compounds were positive in the Comet-assay with D. melanogaster. However, the two combinations were negative in the Comet-assay with mouse bone marrow. Combivir+EFV induced micronuclei (MN) in 24 and 48 hours. TDF+3TC induced MN only in 24 hours. Based on these results, we expect to expand the knowledge about the toxic and genotoxic activities of these combinations and to provide support for the development of new studies in AIDS treatment protocols.Item Atividades antimutagênica, antigenotóxica e anticitotóxica de Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn e sua influência na expressão de genes de resposta a danos no DNA(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-03-26) Borges, Flavio Fernandes Veloso; Gomes, Clever; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9545455455623006; Lee, Chen Chen; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4621907105842007; Lee, Chen Chen; Sabóia-Morais, Simone Maria Teixeira de; Reis, Paulo Roberto de Melo; Silva, Daniela de Melo e; Sousa, Neila Coelho deSilymarin (SM) is a standardized extract from the seeds and leaves of milk thistle Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. It is composed mainly of flavonolignans, with silibinin (SB) being its principal active constituent. Known mainly as antioxidant and hepatoprotector, SM and SB were found to be clinically effective in the treatment of a variety of liver disorders, including acute and chronic viral hepatitis, toxin and drug-induced hepatitis and cirrhosis. Due to the wide biological activities presented by SM and SB, the present study aimed to evaluate their antimutagenic activities using the Ames mutagenicity test in Salmonella typhimurium, their antigenotoxic activities using the mouse bone marrow micronucleous test and the alkaline comet assay, and to assess their effect on the gene expression pattern of some genes associated with the process of carcinogenesis and chemoprevention. To assess antimutagenicity, bacterial suspensions of Salmonella typhimurium (TA98 and TA100 strains) were treated with different concentrations of SM or SB simultaneously with the appropriate positive controls for each strain. To assess antigenotoxicity, Swiss mice were orally treated with different concentrations of SM or SB simultaneously with a single intraperitoneal dose of mitomycin C (MMC) for the micronucleus test, and human blood lymphocytes were cotreated with SM or SB and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) for the alcaline comet assay. To investigate the role of SM and SB in modulating gene expression, we conducted microarray analysis. The results showed that SM was not significantly effective in reducing the number of frameshift mutations in strain TA98, while SB demonstrated significant protection at higher doses (p < 0.05). Regarding strain TA 100, SM and SB significantly decreased mutagenicity (point mutations) (p < 0.05). The results of the antigenotoxic evaluation demonstrated that SM and SB significantly reduced the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) (p < 0.05). The results also indicated that SM and SB significantly attenuated MMC induced cytotoxicity (p < 0.05). In the comet assay, SM and SB significantly reduced the genotoxicity of MMS (p < 0.05), with a stronger antigenotoxic activity exerted by the extract complex (SM) than the one exerted by the isolated main active constituent (SB). The expression array analysis of five genes related to DNA damage, carcinogenesis and/or chemoprevention mechanisms demonstrated an up-regulation of PTEN and BCL2, down-regulation of BAX and ABL1 and no significant change in ETV6 expression levels.In conclusion, our results demonstrated that both SM and SB presented antimutagenic and antigenotoxic actions, as well as modulated the expression levels of genes analysed under the experimental conditions of this study.Item Avaliação da atividade tipo ansiolítica do óleo essencial das folhas de Spiranthera odoratissima A. St. Hil. - possível mecanismo envolvido(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-02-28) Galdino, Pablinny Moreira; Costa, Elson Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2607893423583912A ansiedade está entre as patologias crônicas mais comuns em todo o mundo. Em Brasília (capital federal do Brasil) os transtornos de ansiedade afetam 12,1 % da população, sendo o diagnóstico psiquiátrico mais prevalente. Desde a introdução dos benzodiazepínicos na década de 60, eles têm sido os fármacos mais prescritos no tratamento da ansiedade, porém seus efeitos colaterais são proeminentes, tais como sedação, miorelaxamento, ataxia, amnésia e dependência farmacológica. Sendo assim, novas terapias são necessárias no tratamento dos transtornos de ansiedade e o estudo com plantas medicinais pode prover novas opções terapêuticas. A Spiranthera odoratissima A. St. Hillaire (Rutaceae), popularmente conhecida como manacá, é um arbusto encontrado em região de Cerrado utilizado na medicina popular para tratar doenças renais, hepáticas, dores de estômago e cabeça, e reumatismo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as atividades farmacológicas do óleo essencial extraído das folhas de S. odoratissima (OEM) no sistema nervoso central, em camundongos, direcionando para o estudo do efeito tipo ansiolítico e possíveis mecanismos envolvidos. O OEM aumentou o número de cruzamentos e o tempo de permanência no centro do campo aberto sem alterar o número total de áreas cruzadas neste teste e o desempenho no teste da barra giratória. No teste do sono induzido por pentobarbital, o OEM reduziu a latência e aumentou o tempo de sono. Nos modelos experimentais de ansiedade, o OEM aumentou o número de comportamentos de mergulhos no teste da placa perfurada, as entradas e o tempo de permanência nos braços abertos no labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE). Além de aumentar também o número de transições e o tempo de permanência no compartimento claro no teste da caixa claro/escuro (CCE). Foi investigado o mecanismo de ação deste efeito tipo ansiolítico através do pré-tratamento com um antagonista benzodiazepínico (flumazenil) ou um antagonista de receptor 5- HT1A (NAN-190) nos testes de LCE e CCE. O efeito tipo ansiolítico do OEM foi antagonizado apenas pelo pré-tratamento com o NAN-190. Em conclusão, estes resultados sugerem que o óleo essencial de S. odoratissima possui efeito tipo ansiolítico sem alterar os parâmetros locomotores, sendo esse efeito mediado via receptor 5HT1A, mas não via sítio benzodiazepínico do receptor GABAA.Item Avaliação da expressão de genes de resistência às múltiplas drogas (MDRs) e de metabolização em diferentes linhagens celulares tratadas com complexos metálicos de rutênio(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-02-21) Costa, Cesar Augusto Sam Tiago Vilanova; Lacerda, Elisângela de Paula Silveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9390789693192751Não consta resumo em outro idioma.Item Avaliação das atividades genotóxica, antigenotóxica, angiogênica e potencial de cicatrização do látex da Synadenium umbellatum Pax(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-11-27) REIS, Paulo Roberto de Melo; CHEN, Lee Chen; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4621907105842007Synadenium umbellatum Pax (1894) is a vegetable species from Euphorbiaceae‟s family. The species of this family produce latex. The latex extracted from S. umbellatum has been used by the Brazilian people as anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory and wound healing agents. However, this latex presents toxic substances and proteolic enzymes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possible genotoxic, antigenotoxic, cytotoxic, angiogenic and wound healing activities of S. umbellatum latex (SuL) in rats. The genotoxic and antigenotoxic activities were evaluated by mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. An alkylant agent mitomycin C (4 mg.kg-1 body weight) was used as a positive control. For all doses, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) frequency was evaluated after 24 hours of treatment. To evaluate the antimutagenic activity, animals were treated with 10, 30, 50 and 100 mg.kg-1 and 4 mg. kg-1 of mitomycin C (MMC) simultaneously. The frequency of MNPCE was evaluated 24 hours after exposure. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio (PCE/NCE). Angiogenic activity of the SuL was evaluated in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized chicken eggs. The concentrations of the SuL were of 10 and 20 mg/mL. Wound healing activity was evaluated in skin of rats. The skin fragment was removed with area 3 x 2,5 cm and submitted to topic application with 5 mL of SuL (concentration 10 mg/mL) and positive and negative controls. The results showed that the SuL was strongly mutagenic, cytotoxic, and antimutagenic, and a moderate activity of anticytotoxicity. In the evaluation of the angiogenesis, the SuL has promoted the increase of the proliferation of blood vessels in the chorioallantoic membrane of fertilized chicken eggs and it also induced the increase of velocity of wound healing in rat skin lesion.Item Avaliação das atividades genotóxica, antigenotóxica, angiogênica e potencial de cicatrização do látex da Synadenium umbellatum Pax(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-11-27) Reis, Paulo Roberto de Melo; Lee, Chen Chen; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4621907105842007Synadenium umbellatum Pax (1894) is a vegetable species from Euphorbiaceae‟s family. The species of this family produce latex. The latex extracted from S. umbellatum has been used by the Brazilian people as anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory and wound healing agents. However, this latex presents toxic substances and proteolic enzymes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possible genotoxic, antigenotoxic, cytotoxic, angiogenic and wound healing activities of S. umbellatum latex (SuL) in rats. The genotoxic and antigenotoxic activities were evaluated by mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. An alkylant agent mitomycin C (4 mg.kg-1 body weight) was used as a positive control. For all doses, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) frequency was evaluated after 24 hours of treatment. To evaluate the antimutagenic activity, animals were treated with 10, 30, 50 and 100 mg.kg-1 and 4 mg. kg-1 of mitomycin C (MMC) simultaneously. The frequency of MNPCE was evaluated 24 hours after exposure. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio (PCE/NCE). Angiogenic activity of the SuL was evaluated in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized chicken eggs. The concentrations of the SuL were of 10 and 20 mg/mL. Wound healing activity was evaluated in skin of rats. The skin fragment was removed with area 3 x 2,5 cm and submitted to topic application with 5 mL of SuL (concentration 10 mg/mL) and positive and negative controls. The results showed that the SuL was strongly mutagenic, cytotoxic, and antimutagenic, and a moderate activity of anticytotoxicity. In the evaluation of the angiogenesis, the SuL has promoted the increase of the proliferation of blood vessels in the chorioallantoic xvii membrane of fertilized chicken eggs and it also induced the increase of velocity of wound healing in rat skin lesion.Item Avaliação das atividades genotóxica, antigenotóxica, citotóxica, anticitotóxica, angiogênica e antiangiogênica de elagitaninos utilizando ensaios in vitro e in vivo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-09-16) Carneiro, Cristiene Costa; Santos, Suzana da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7811945085200334; Lee, Chen Chen; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4621907105842007; Lee, Chen Chen; Reis, Paulo Roberto De Melo; Bailão, Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso; Sapanó, Mário Antônio; Cruz, Aline Helena Da SilvaPunicalagin and gemin D are ellagitannins found in some species of plants of medical importance such as Punica granatum and Geun japonicun. For this study, punicalagin and gemin D were isolated, respectively, from the leaves of Lafoensia pacari and Eugenia uniflora, two species of Brazilian medicinal plants with several biological activities, such as antitumoral, antioxidant and healing of wounds. In the present study, we evaluated the genotoxic, cytotoxic, antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic effects of gemin D using the Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium, the micronucleus (MN) test and comet assay in mice. With the punicalagin ellagitannin, we assessed the same effects mentioned above using the comet and MN tests in mice, and we also evaluated the angiogenic and antiangiogenic activities of this ellagitannin by the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenic assay. The results obtained with gemin D showed that this tannin did not present genotoxic effect by the Ames and MN tests, however, in the comet assay, the highest dose of gemin D (100 mg/kg) induced increase of breaks in DNA in comparison to the negative control (p < 0.05). In the antigenotoxicity, gemin D protected DNA against the harmful action of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide and sodium azide by the Ames test, and also against cyclophosphamide (CPA) in pre- and co-treatment by MN and comet tests in mice, but it did not protect DNA in the post-treatment. The results obtained with punicalagin showed that this tannin exhibited no genotoxic effect by MN test and comet assay in mice. Only the highest dose of punicalagin (50 mg/kg) exhibited significant cytotoxic effect by MN test, and in the co-treatment with CPA, this cytotoxicity was enhanced. Co-treatment, pre-treatment and post-treatment of punicalagin with CPA led to a significant reduction in the number of DNA breaks and in the frequency of CPA-induced MN, indicating antigenotoxic effect. Using the CAM model, punicalagin exhibited angiogenic activity in all concentrations, mainly at the lowest concentration (12.5 µg/µL). Therefore, gemin D and punicalagin exhibited relevant antigenotoxic and cytotoxic effects, which indicate that they may be probables candidates for chemoprevention or for the development of new cancer therapies. In addition, the angiogenic activity presented by punicalagin in this study could contribute for the processes of tissue repairing and wound healing.Item Avaliação dos efeitos cardiovasculares do aceturato de diminazeno (DIZE) em ratos submetidos à sobrecarga pressórica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-12) Macedo, Larissa Matuda; Colugnati, Diego Basile; Castro, Carlos Henrique de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6354834854727314Activation of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2)-Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang(1-7)]-Mas Receptor axis results in protective effects in the cardiovascular system. ACE 2 is an important component of Renin-Angiotensin System, because it is able to convert Angiotensin II in Ang-(1-7). Recents studies have shown that diminazene aceturate (DIZE) act as an activator of ACE 2. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular effects of chronic treatment with DIZE in pressureoverloaded rats and the possible mechanisms involved in these effects. Male Wistar rats (200-350 g) were divided in four groups: (1) Sham; (2) Coarcted (abdominal aortic banding, CAA); (3) CAA + DIZE (1 mg/kg, gavage); e (4) CAA + DIZE (1 mg/kg, gavage) + A-779 (120 µg/day, osmotic mini-pumps). Twenty one days after surgery procedure, the blood pressure was recorded, the hearts were isolated and perfused according to Langendorff method. Vascular reactivity was measured by isolated aortic ring preparation. In order to evaluate the cardiac hypertrophy, the left ventricular mass index (VMI) was calculated through the ratio of the left ventricular wet weight to tibia length. The cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes (CSA) was also evaluated. The mRNA levels for ANP, BNP e TGF-β were also evaluated by qRT-PCR. The expression of ACE-2 and ERK1/2, AKT, mTOR, GATA-4, catalase and SOD proteins involved in hypertrophic pathways was analyzed by Western Blot technique. The results are presented as means ± SEM. One-way ANOVA followed by the Newman-Keuls post-test was used to analyze the blood pressure, cardiac morphometric parameters, isolated heart, qRT-PCR and Western Blot experiments. Two-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post-test was used for aortic rings preparation protocols. All statistical analyses were considered significant at P<0.05. Isolated hearts from coarcted rats presented a significant decrease in the left ventricular end systolic pressure (128.1 ± 9.0 vs. 79.1 ± 12.8 mmHg in CAA, P<0.05), left ventricular developed pressure (118.1 ± 8.9 vs. 69.0 ± 12.7 mmHg in CAA, P<0.05), +dP/dt (2295.0 ± 161.8 vs. 1406.0 ± 246.5 mmHg/s in CAA, P<0.05) and dP/dt (1787.0 ± 166.0 vs. 1066.0 ± 181.9 mmHg/s in CAA, P<0.05). The DIZE treatment attenuated all of these effects induced by CAA. Moreover, DIZE treatment increased the coronary flow in hypertrophic hearts (CAA: 11.6 ± 0.8 vs. CAA+DIZE: 15.8 ± 0.6 mL/min, P<0.05). This effect was blocked by A-779. Pressure–overloaded hearts showed a significant increase in VMI (0.17 ± 0.01 vs. 0.21 ± 0.01 g/cm in CAA, P<0.05) and CSA (8.98 ± 0.54 vs. 10.72 ± 0.27 µm in CAA, P<0.05). The chronic treatment with DIZE prevented the heart hypertrophy (10.72 ± 0.27 in CAA vs. 9.25 ± 0.23 µm in CAA+DIZE, P<0.05). Indeed, treatment with A-779 attenuated the antihypertrophic effect induced by DIZE treatment. The coarcted rats presented a increase in mRNA expression of ANP, BNP and TGF-β and the DIZE treatment reverted this effect. The pressure overload decreased the acetylcholine-induced relaxation in aortic rings from coarcted rats and treatment with DIZE was not able to improve this effect. The coarctation decreased the phosphorylation of the AKT, which was not changed by DIZE treatment. The expression of ACE 2, total and phosphorylated ERK1/2, total AKT, mTOR, SOD and catalase was not changed by coarctation or by ACE 2 activation. These results show that the chronic treatment with DIZE was efficient in preventing the left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction induced by pressure overload. These effects were independent of changes in the expression of ACE 2, ERK1/2, AKT, mTOR, SOD and catalase. Thus, DIZE has important therapeutic potential for cardiovascular diseases.Item Avaliação Genético-Molecular do Carcinoma das Células Escamosas da Laringe(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-10-21) SILVA, Cláudio Carlos da; CRUZ, Aparecido Divino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7868817504129985The larynx is a structure of the upper aerodigestive tract responsible for the production of sounds as well as protecting the lower airways and helping during the normal act of swallowing. Any pathology which affects the larynx can impose several challenges that disrupt its normal physiological function, and consequently and directly resulting in reduction of the patient s quality of life. Among the different diseases that affect the larynx, cancer is one of the most serious. The squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx is a multifactorial disease, influenced by environmental factors and individual behavioral, habits, and susceptibility. The current study describes the molecular and genetic assessment of 20 patients with the squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. In summary, the study strategy included the analyses of the genetic polymorphism of codon 72 of the TP53, the detection and genotyping of HPV genome, assessing genomic instability (MIS and LOH) and random chromosomal imbalances using PCR and CGH approaches. Regarding to the polymorphism of the TP53 gene, arginine homozygous genotypes (p53AA) and arginine-proline heterozygous genotypes (p53PA) were found in 65% (13/20) and 35% (7 / 20) of cases, respectively. HPV genome was found in association with tumor cells in 20% of SCC cases. HPV 16, 11, and 45 were the genotypes identified. Moreover, co-infection of HPV 11 and 45 was also observed. Both samples found positive for HPV genome were associated with p53AA at the TP53 gene. Our results corroborated the data published in the literature that described an increased susceptibility to the virus-induced carcinogenesis of the larynx in arginine homozygous genotypes. Here in we report genomic instability for a panel of 8 microsatellite markers distributed in 5 chromosomes. One locus (D8S135) was found in homozygous for all cases. On the other hand, RH-92600 was not included in the analysis mainly because it was also found homozygous for most cases. We found 76.2% (244/320) of informative loci. Thus the mean frequency of MIS was 9.0% (22/244) and LOH was 6.1% (15/244). The frequency of MIS was found higher than the LOH, suggesting that the tumorigenesis of SCC of the larynx follows a mechanism of mutator phenotype. Using CGH, chromosomal gains were observed in 1q21qter. On the other hand, chromosomal losses occurred in chromosome 3p21p28, 11q23, 16p16, 16q12, 17p13pter and 22q13. The techniques of comparative genomic hybridization have improved the understanding of genetic alterations in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, especially for characterizing the relationship between early precursors of laryngeal carcinomas, as well as to identify genomic regions that may contain oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes involved in the tumorigenesis of this anatomical site.Item Avaliação neurofarmacológica das atividades tipo ansiolítica e/ou antidepressiva da fração diclorometano, ácido oleanólico e (E)-metilisoeugenol das folhas de pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L. R. Landrum (Myrtaceae) quimiotipo (E)-metilisoeugenol(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-10-16) Fajemiroye, James Oluwagbamigbe; Costa, Elson Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2607893423583912; Costa, Elson Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2607893423583912; Rocha, Fábio Fagundes da; Paula, Joelma Abadia Marciano de; Ghedini, Paulo César; Custódio, Carlos Henrique XavierDepression and anxiety are widely acclaimed as psychiatric disorders of global concern. These disorders are among the leading causes of disability worldwide. Unsatisfactory responses of patients to the available pharmacotherapy make the search for new drugs a necessity. Medicinal plants remain important source of new drugs and new chemical entities. The ethnopharmacological knowledge and previous data have revealed calming and anxiolytic like effects of the organic leaf extract of Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L.R. Landrum. The present study sought to investigate antidepressive like effect of dichloromethane fraction (DF) of the ethanolic leaf extract of Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus as well as anxiolytic and antidepressive like effects of oleanolic acid (OA), (E) methyl isoeugenol (MIE) and possible mechanisms of action that are involved. Animal models like barbiturate-induced sleep, light dark box test (LDB), elevated plusmaze (EPM), open field (OF), wire hanging test, pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsion test, forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) were conducted to evaluate behavioural alterations that were elicited by the administrations of vehicle, DF, OA, MIE or reference drugs. Bioassays (ex vivo and in vitro) of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and quantification of hippocampal level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were conducted in an attempt to elucidate possible mechanisms of action. Oral administration of DF 125, 250 or 500 mg/kg (potentiated the hypnotic effect of sodium pentobarbital). In the TST and FST, DF 125 or 250 mg/kg induced antidepressant-like response. The data obtained in the OF suggest sedative effect of DF at 500 mg/kg. Pretreatment (i.p) with pchlorophenylalanine methyl ester (PCPA) 100 mg/kg (serotonin depletor) or 𝛼-methyl-ptyrosine (AMPT) 100 mg/kg (catecholamine depletor) blocked anti-immobility effect of DF viii in the FST. The enzymatic activity of MAO remained unaltered by DF. Oral administration of OA (5-20 mg/kg) increased the duration of barbiturate - induced sleep and demonstrated anxiolytic like effect in both LDB and EPM. In the FST and TST, OA 5-20 mg/kg elicited antidepressant like effect without altering locomotion activity of the animals. The antidepressant like effect of OA was attenuated by NAN-190 (non-selective antagonist of 5-HT1A), AMPT, PCPA, WAY and PRAZ. Chronic administration of OA increased hippocampal level of BDNF. Oral administration of MIE 250 or 500 mg/kg potentiated hypnotic effect of sodium pentobarbital without protecting mice against PTZ - induced convulsion. The parameters evaluated in the LDB, EPM and OF demonstrated anxiolytic like property of MIE. This effect was blocked by WAY (selective antagonist of 5-HT1A) pretreatment. MIE 125 or 250 mg/kg showed antidepressant like effect in the FST. Locomotion activity of the animal in the OF remained unaltered by MIE administration at 125 or 250 mg/kg. Pretreatment of mice with PCPA attenuated antidepressant like property of MIE. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated anxiolytic and/or antidepressant like effects of dichloromethane fraction, oleanolic acid and (E) methyl isoeugenol, thereby suggesting the involvement of monoaminergic pathway.Item Biotividade de extratos e frações das folhas da Eugenia uniflora L. e da Hyptidendron canum (Pohl ex Benth.) Harley em microrganismos (Bactérias e fungo) e em Oreochromis nilotius(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-01-22) FIUZA, Tatiana de Sousa; PAULA, José Realino de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3191837532986128; SABÓIA-MORAIS, Simone Maria Teixeira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6723881044959716The purpose of this work is to perform the pharmacognostic studies of the species Hyptidendron canum (Pohl ex Benth.) Harley (Lamiaceae) and Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae), investigate the population variability of the constituents of the essential oil from H. canum leaves and inflorescences, and assess the bioactivity of the crude ethanol extracts and fractions from leaves of this plants against microorganisms (bacteria and the fungus Candida albicans) and on Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus. For the variability study of the H. canum essential oil, samples obtained from leaves and inflorescences from Hidrolândia, Silvânia, Bela Vista and Goiânia cities were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The anatomic analysis and the phytochemical screening of the leaves from the two species were performed using conventional techniques. The antimicrobial activity was assessed with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and with the Candida albicans fungus using the well diffusion test and the agar dilution method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The biological activities of the crude ethanol extract and ethyl acetate, hexanic and chloroformic fractions of the leaves from the two species were tested in O. niloticus fish hepatopancreas and gill. The H. canum essential oils analysis indicated high chemovariability in the oils from different locations. The phytochemical screening and the thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis of the H. canum leaves evidenced the presence of flavonoids, saponins, terpenes and lignans, while the E. uniflora leaves evidenced the presence of tannins, steroids, triterpenes, anthraquinonic heterosides, saponinic and flavonoids. As for the antimicrobial activity testing, the crude ethanol extracts from both species presented antimicrobial activity against all the microorganisms tested and the E. uniflora ethyl acetate fraction presented satisfactory activity against resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The H. canum crude extract and fractions presented vasoactive activity in the hepatopancreas and gill of the tilapias, causing varying degrees of vasodilation and vascular congestion. An apparent proliferation of blood capillaries was detected in the hepatopancreas of the fish that ingested the hexanic fraction. The E. uniflora crude extract and the ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexanic fractions caused vasodilation, vascular congestion and tissue alterations in the O. niloticus hepatopancreas and gills