FAFIL - Faculdade de Filosofia

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A idade da representação: a relação entre a arqueologia e a genealogia em Foucault
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-08-17) Soares, Matheus Henrique Borges; Ternes, José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4963109088070313; Ternes, José; Silva, Adriano Correia; Sugizaki, Eduardo
This research aims to demonstrate the mode of the historical conception of the French philosopher Michel Foucault (1926-1984) from his modus operandi, that is, I do not pay attention only to his analytical assumptions in comparison with other historical conceptions that he criticizes, but part of the archeology carried out by the French philosopher. At first, I work with the rupture between the 16th century epistemes with that of the 17th and 18th centuries, the focus of the research is to analyze what Foucault calls the Age of Representation that links the sign to the role of representing, such linking conditioned the emergence of general grammar, natural history and richness analysis. In a second moment, I approach the Foucaultian genealogy that works in complementarity with archeology, in order to link the emergence of a new regime of penalties that arises in the break with the torture, so this new regime of penalties is responsible for establishing a new code criminal law that articulates the advantage of the crime with the disadvantage of the penalty, thus demonstrating that there is a transversality in what became known as classical representationism in the work of Michel Foucault.
O abismo na política: crise e liberdade a partir do pensamento político de Hannah Arendt
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-11-26) Silva Neto, Joaquim Onofre; Silva, Adriano Correia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7465568204123045; Silva, Adriano Correia; Lopes, Adriana Delbó; Passos, Fabio Abreu de
Based on Hannah Arendt, the present proposal intends to work with the theme of crisis and freedom and its relationship with the disbelief that civil society feels for politics. For that, it considers it necessary to discuss, in the Arendtian bibliography, the concepts of freedom and crisis, since this study implies the fundamental importance that both have for the totality of the works of this German thinker. This interpretive objective, outlined earlier, is based on the hypothesis that language is a path through which human beings leave traces of their impressions about the external world, from the first moment that they ventured to interpret this exteriority. Thus, in words, in concepts, the legacy of old meanings remains, which provide the sedimentary basis for the new meanings that come after it. Now, this is precisely the purpose of how the theme of this proposal will be treated philosophically, that is, through a reflection based on an analysis of the old remnants present in the concepts of freedom and crisis, in order to understand if there is something that approach as phenomena of contemporary politics. However, this analysis will not go into depth for all the complexity of this subject, as it is a conceptual cut that will gravitate around the work of Hannah Arendt, specifically in her political theory, both because she is considered a thinker of freedom and rupture and because she also uses the etymological rescue of the concepts she studies as an investigative method. Furthermore, although Arendt uses the word crisis in several of his texts, it is interesting that he does not directly relate it to the concept of freedom, that is, in the work of this thinker, there does not seem to be an explicit idea that involves crisis and freedom together. In this sense, this point of injunction between concepts is the object of analysis that we intend to discuss and understand here. For today, laying the foundations for understanding the closeness between crisis and freedom is relevant due to its possible relationship with the upsurge in social and political conflicts that civil society has been going through, to the point that the resurgence of authoritarian movements - fruits of the collapse of the concept of freedom, of the instability of the public sphere and of the emptying of the meaning of politics. In this case, it is significant to investigate how the concepts of crisis and freedom act in the understanding of totalitarian phenomena, having as an auxiliary scope in the contemporary debate about the damage of political tensions in the current scenario.
Uma abordagem sobre a concepção de proposição da teoria institucionalista de tipos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-09-02) Mundim, Bruno Rigonato; Porto, André da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3598537464598916; Porto, André da Silva; Velloso, Araceli Rosich Soares; Pereira, Luiz Carlos Pinheiro Dias
By means of the Curry-Howard Correspondence Martin-Löf’s intuitionistic type theory claims that to define a proposition by laying down how its canonical proofs are formed is the same as to define a set by laying down how its canonical elements are formed; consequently a proposition can be seen as the set of its proofs. On the other hand, we find in this very same theory a distinction between the notions of set and of type, such that the difference of the latter in relation to the former consists in the fact that to form a type we do not need to present an exhaustive prescription for the formation of its objects; it is sufficient to just have a general notion of what would be an arbitrary object that inhabits such type. Thus we argue that we can extract two distinct notions of propositon from the intuitionistic type theory, one which treats propositions as types and another which treats propositions as sets. Such distinction will have some bearing on discussions concerning hypothetical demonstrations and conjecture’s formation.
Além da metafísica e do niilismosmo: a cosmovisão trágica de Nietzsche
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-11-08) Moraes, Eduardo Carli de; Silva, Adriano Correia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7465568204123045; Silva, Adriano Correia; Lopes, Adriana Delbó; Ferraz, Maria Cristina Franco
This dissertation aims to reflect upon the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche (18441900), whose thought is here understood as an attempt to overcome both metaphysics and nihilism. This study highlights Nietzsche’s appraisal of philosophical thought endowed with historical sense, faithful to the uninterrupted process of becoming, which implies a worldview similar to that of Heraclitus. It is argued that Nietzsche's peculiar position in the history of moral philosophy lies in his critical analysis of the multiplicity of different moral evaluations always connected with their human, all too human, sources. Through attention to the circumstances and conditions of the emergence, development and decline of many ideals, moral values and religious doctrines, we intend to describe Nietzsche's philosophy as one in rupture with the notion of divine and immutable values and which de-estabilizes beliefs in absolute truths. In order to illustrate the nietzschean genealogical method in operation, we investigate phenomena such as resentment and asceticism, re-inserted into the historical flow and understood with connection with their physiological, psychological and socio-political basis. Grounded on extensive literature review of the work of Nietzsche and his commentators (especially Jaspers, Wotling, Rosset, Giacoia, Moura, Ferraz, among others), it is argued that Nietzsche’s philosophy surpasses Platonic-Christian split between two worlds and also overcomes the dualism between body and spirit. The anti-idealistic philosophy of Nietzsche, critical of moral absolutism and metaphysical supernaturalism, acts as a "school of suspicion" inviting us to free our thought from subservience, credulity and uncritical obedience to tradition. This research also explores the theme of “the death of God" and the collapse of the Judeo-Christian values, and the concomitant rise of nihilism, in the context of a philosophy that seeks to suggest and open new avenues for the human adventure, by mobilizing concepts such as amor fati, Over-Man and "fidelity to the earth." Nietzsche’s thought is not understood only in its critical potential, shattering traditional idealistic metaphysics, but also as a creator of a tragic and dyonisian wisdom which stands at the antipodes of both ascetic ideals and nihilistic doctrines.
Análise lógica da proposição e divisibilidade infinita de extensões no Tractatus de Wittgenstein
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-11-10) Oliveira, Paulo Júnio de; Velloso, Araceli Rosich Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8203061798953795; Velloso, Araceli Rosich Soares; Ghisoni, Guilherme; Ferraz Neto, Bento Prado de Almeida
The aim of this dissertation is to discuss the problem of infinite divisibility of bodies, a problem which was already discussed in the classic period by Aristotle and his analysis of Zeno’s paradoxes. Our working hypothesis is that in the Tractatus-Logico-Philosophicus Wittgenstein has offered a reformulation of this very problem when he discusses the process of analysis of propositions. One of the central thesis in the Tractatus is that all ordinary proposition can be completely analyzed and that this process of analysis has to be finite. Based on that, we argue that it necessarily follows that the elements present in the state of affairs described by the proposition cannot be further divided since the analysis of the proposition which describes such a state is necessarily finite.
O apelo ético do rosto em Emmanuel Levinas
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-09-05) Nascimento, Carlos Eduardo Santos; Korelc, Martina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1843883998267808; Korelc, Martina; Fabri, Marcelo; Reis, Helena Esser dos
This study was done to investigate the question of alterity through the concept of Face into the original Totality and Infinity written by Emmanuel Levinas. The Face is the reading key to understand Levinas' ethical proposal, since in that Face, the Other is presented in its most absolute otherness. Emphasizing the human Face´s ethical appeal, our research explores how, from a scathing critique to the totality which permeates the entire philosophy history and Western culture, Levinas understands alterity in its infinite condition. With approximations and distances from the phenomenological method in his analysis of the Face, especially in sections 1st and 3rd in the work Totality and Infinity, this dissertation tries to understand and describe how subjectivity becomes responsibility to the Other, as a response to the ethical appeal of the Face, this founding principle of sociality, true human sense in Levinas.
“Apenas setas”: a teoria das categorias como linguagem para uma matemática estruturalista
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-10-20) Saraiva, Igor Souza; Porto, André da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3598537464598916; Porto, André da Silva; Esteban Coniglio, Marcelo; Freire, Rodrigo de Alvarenga; Queiroz, Ruy José Guerra Barretto de; Santos, César Frederico dos
For some years now, there has been a philosophical debate about the relationship between two distinct intellectual movements. Within mathematical practice, the Theory of Categories emerged in the 1940s. Initially without any major foundational pretensions, little by little the theory gained in scope and came to be considered, at the very least, a very useful language for characterizing and studying abstract mathematical structure. Almost simultaneously, philosophers concerned with questions about the nature of mathematical objects proposed a structuralist program, based on the idea of shaping an understanding of the nature of mathematics that takes into account that each area of this science describes the formal factors common to various structured systems. The affinity between Category Theory and a structuralist philosophy of mathematics is almost obvious, leading naturally to the question of the possibility of the theory being employed as an autonomous conceptual framework, capable of articulating a peculiar view of mathematics, without any kind of dependence on other foundational approaches, such as Set Theory or Type Theory. This possibility has been denied by some philosophers of mathematics, giving rise to a dispute without a unanimous solution. This thesis presents a panoramic view of this whole scenario and tries to show that those who reject the autonomy of category theory have epistemological presuppositions that are not unanimously accepted.
A ARQUEOLOGIA E A CLÍNICA EM MICHEL FOUCAULT: UMA OUTRA HISTÓRIA
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-01-19) RIBEIRO, Sandro Henrique; TERNES, José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4963109088070313
This work, taking L archéologie du savoir as starting point, intends to show the principle basis in Michel Foucault s archeologic analysis, which favors the registration of events in its opening and presents a history of the ideas. As well as an archaeologist, the philosopher digs the soil of a knowledge, place in evidence the layers that were sedimented and avoids the reports of a conventional epistemology, which looks for a justification in rational method, it elects and determines which objects were important in the composition of knowledge area. In Nassaince de la clinique, we can find a marginal history, which is based in different objects and presents another format for the medicine`s history. In this discourse it`s possible to see the records of medical activity, that starting as an attempt of classification for disease phenomenon which in its wild nature, escapes from these formats. The proximity of the eye that sees the disease`s issues with the analytical language and mathematical model of records, it makes possible the emergence of the clinic in an openness area. But it is only with the clinical anatomy medicine gets its strength from positivity, gives new structure to observation that, in physiological settings, are approximate to the other sensory perceptions, creating a revolution in language and the kind of look
A arte além da razão: a tragédia na reflexão do jovem Nietzsche
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-24) Batista, Walquiria Pereira; Lopes, Adriana Delbó; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600189022732543; Lopes, Adriana Delbó; Silva, Adriano Correia; Oliveira, Roberto Charles Feitosa de
The starting point of this study is the examination of tragic art in Nietzsche’s reflection about culture, having his first book The Birth of Tragedy as main line. An intrinsic relation between art and life is noticed in the opposition which the philosopher establishes between a tragic culture and a theoretical culture, in a way that the first is seen as the ideal terrain of art, while the latter is considered a promoter of the artificialized arts of the modern era. The objective is to examine the metaphysical impulses which art has as a substratum in tragic culture and, at the same time, to identify the superposition of reason inaugurated by Socrates as something harmful to the instincts, which would exterminate from art its original, solely artistic element. With these notions, the intention is to study Nietzsche’s Apollinian- Dionysian conception of art, in dialogue with authors of Greek and German drama, identifying contrasts and communions. Art projected on the principle of reason would have its mark in Euripides’ aesthetic Socratism, in Aristotle’s primacy of action and catharsis, in Lessing’s Enlightenment dramaturgy, in Schiller’s expressions of liberty and would resonate in the recitative of the opera in the service of distraction. On the other hand, the splendor of the tragic era lies in the tragedies of Aeschylus and Sophocles, in the hero’s Apollinian- Dionysian dichotomy, exemplified in Prometheus and in the two Oedipusses. Myth and music are seen as fundamental and inseparable components of art sprouted in a tragic culture, capable of establishing an unconscious relationship with the audience. These are the premises to understand Nietzsche’s affinities with Wagner, in the expectation of a renaissance of myth and music as reawakening of the tragic spirit in German genius.
A autogênese do conceito especulativo de subjetividade na Ciência da Lógica de Hegel
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-12-01) Morais, Júlia Sebba Ramalho; Klotz, Hans Christian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9583503676638320; Klotz, Hans Christian; Silva, Márcia Zebina Araújo da; Suman, Thiago Santoro; Pertille, José Pinheiro; Gonçalves, Márcia Cristina Ferreira
In this paper, I investigate the logical genesis of the theoretical concept of subjectivity (Subjektivität) in Hegel's Science of Logic. In my view, this genesis has three aspects. The first aspect is external to the Hegelian system and concerns Hegel's critical interpretations of the concept of self in Kant and Fichte's philosophies. I contend that Kant's argument about the notion of pure transcendental apperception was fundamental to the Hegelian elaboration of the concept of subjectivity as deeply conceptual. The Fichtian notion of the self, as an absolute principle of science, contributed to Hegel's understanding of a self-referential subjectivity as immanent to his absolute system. However, as I will show, the Hegelian interpretation of such concepts goes through an intense speculative transformation within its philosophy scope. The second and third aspects of the subjectivity's autogenesis occur internally to the logical element. The second aspect concerns the meta-logical and dialectical activity of the subjective concept. In my view, the concept (Begriff), when driving the dialectical method in the Hegel system, can be seen as its immanent and active subjective principle and, in its formal meta-logical performance, subjectively self-sets. Finally, the third aspect of the subjectivity concept of logical autogenesis refers to the progressive development of certain logical categories of the "Doctrine of Being" and the "Doctrine of the Essence." In my view, they are proto-subjectives, contributing genetically to the subsequent manifestation of the subjectivity of the concept in the "Doctrine of the Concept."
Autointegração jurídica: uma reconstrução formal do problema das lacunas no direito
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-08-28) Barbosa, Matheus Gabriel; Schang, Fabien Georges Jacques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7692539246816433; Schang, Fabien Georges Jacques; Serbena, César Antônio; Leite, Alexandre Fernandes Batista Costa
The concept of a legal gap is studied from various semantic methods and both formal and informal perspectives. Observing that heterointegrable legal gaps are the ones that effectively generate problems of incompleteness in law, the study investigates the use of closure rules as a tool to ensure the completeness of legal systems, starting with Bobbio’s idea of exclusive general norms. Considering that jurists envision two classical closure rules, the principle of permission and the principle of prohibition, Woleński’s work is used to evaluate these principles in light of SDL, concluding that this logic is unable to formally differentiate these two principles. From there, research is conducted on how various renowned authors (Raz, Alchourrón, Bulygin...) have formalized legal gaps, observed the completeness problem, and applied closure rules. Finally, a proposal to use the logic AR4L , along the lines of truth-logic of Von Wright and Fabien Schang’s epistemic justification criteria, is presented. This consists of a four-valued system, where normative sentences Sp are read as promulgations, and the deontic interpretation depends on which legal system the legal proposition was promulgated. In summary, a multivalued formal treatment of closure rules will be proposed after reviewing the available literature in the logic of legal systems.
A autonomia do sujeito constituída por meio da liberdade dos sentidos e sentimentos, uma investigação das ideias de Rousseau
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-03-31) Sousa, Glaucia Carvalho de; Reis, Helena Esser dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1045681574037243; Reis, Helena Esser dos; Moscateli, Renato; Dozol, Marlene de Souza
The objective of this study is to investigate whether the freedom of sensory, affective and motor experiences in the infantile period, can contribute to form an autonomous man, able to determine themselves in adulthood. We start from the supposed that the free human being, as stated by Rousseau, has the possibility of knowing their environment, try it, improve your strength and utility, feel yourself, which we consider essential aspects for the constitution of autonomy. To discuss and deepen these assumptions, the dissertation, which consists of three chapters, discusses both concepts of childhood, freedom and autonomy, as the elements attached to them, as the children themselves, the figure of the teacher and lawgiver in Rousseau’s natural education, the citizen and the child's education for citizenship. Thus, the work-up continues with the research on children's characteristics: their preferences, actions, ways of seeing the world and feel. As a result, research on natural education emerges - his teachers and his method. We will discuss the development of the senses through the negative method of the nature education, in which the teacher provides stimuli using jokes, games and exercise. And then we will study the child's education for the exercise of the citizenship, which refers to the question of the distinction between freedom in the natural and civil contexts within the legitimate state. Our studies have led us to understand finally the child formed in accordance with the principles of nature, i.e., that experiences the world by itself, establishes relationships and makes decisions enjoying a free human existence, may become an autonomous adult.
Autoridade, coerção e liberdade: a formação moral do homem em Rousseau
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-07-26) Santos, Anderson Carvalho dos; Moscateli, Renato; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8852962822237051; Moscateli, Renato; Vento, Marisa Alves; Paiva, Wilson Alves de; Corôa, Pedro Paulo da Costa; Reis, Helena Esser dos
L'étude de l'homme a été un thème central dans les réflexions de Rousseau. Dans ses œuvres, il s'est préoccupé de comprendre comment s'est formée l'humanité tant sur le plan individuel que collectif. Dans sa quête de compréhension de ce processus de formation, le philosophe genevois a emprunté un chemin qui a englobé des discussions sur l'éducation, la politique, la morale et bien plus encore. Au cours de ces explorations, certains concepts sont devenus récurrents et se sont révélés essentiels dans sa structure théorique. Le principal d'entre eux était le concept de liberté, pour lequel il a été à la fois loué et critiqué. Cette thèse revisite ce concept en le reliant aux idées d'autorité et de coercition afin de réfléchir au processus de formation de l'homme visant à atteindre la liberté morale, c'est-à-dire l'autonomie. En suivant un fil conducteur qui traverse les différentes conceptions de la liberté, depuis le Discours sur les sciences et les arts et le Discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes, en passant par le Contrat social et d'autres œuvres jusqu'à Emile ou De l'éducation, nous cherchons à démontrer que l'idée d'autorité apparaît comme indispensable dans les réflexions du Genevois sur la formation de l'homme. En intégrant, dans ses écrits, des figures d'autorité telles que le Législateur, le Précepteur et le couple Wolmar, capables de façonner les individus, notre auteur a montré que "tous ont également besoin de guides", mais pas n'importe quel type de guide, tous ont besoin de bons guides, de bonnes autorités qui sont capables, même par des actes coercitifs, de conduire l'être humain vers l'autonomie.
Uma avaliação da estrutura de tipos presente na terceira seção da begriffsschrift, à luz do cálculo lambda
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-11-20) CORREIA, Hiury Duarte; PORTO, André da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3598537464598916
Our dissertation s theme is the Idea that, buried in Frege s unfriendly Logical notation, one finds the notion of abstraction as a key ingredient of his Begriffsschrift. This runs contrary to the ordinary appraisal, such as the one found in Van Heijenoort s introduction to that article. It runs also contrary to Frege s refusal of the possibility of referring to unsaturated entities. Still, we argue that the notion seems to be part both of Frege s philosophical positions such as the idea of quantification as second order predication and of Frege s logical practices.
Banalidade do Mal: colapsos morais no 3º Reich
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-18) VAZ, éden Farias; LOPES, Adriana Delbo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600189022732543
This work explores the meaning of the expression Banality of Evil, coined by Hannah Arendt in her investigation about Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem. It intends to question its meaning to the logistics of extermination in the Holocaust. Investigates on the one hand, aspects of a moral collapse about our common understandings about the problem of evil, and by the other, the context of bureaucracy that propitiated the novelty of this new form of evil by its singular lack of roots as well as political and moral implications in relation to individual responsibility. Through the conceptual analysis of the problem of evil, along with a series of mismatches in the reasons for doing evil, we propose an interpretation of the meaning of the Banality of Evil.
As bases do intuicionismo matemático de Brouwer a natureza do continuum intuicionista
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-04-15) Oliveira, Paulo Júnio de; Porto, André da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3598537464598916; Pereira, Luiz Carlos Pinheiro Dias; Rodrigues Filho, Abílio Azambuja; Rezende , Cristiano Novaes de; Klotz, Hans Christian; Porto, André da Silva
This dissertation has as its aim the philosophical presentation and discussion of the nature of the intuitionist continuum of Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer (1881-1966) and of its philosophical bases. This conception of the nature of the intuitionist continuum led to the development of the notion of “real numbers” distinct from classical analysis. Such a notion of “real numbers” does not accept the principle of excluded middle as universally valid and, as a result, it would not be possible to accept, for example, the law of trichotomy. The refusal of the principle of excluded middle does not arise from vacuum, and it is not the central focus of mathematical intuitionism. It is, as one would put it, a consequence of the conception of intuitionist “continuum”. The notions of “continuum” and “mathematical entity” are, as one would put it, the main focus of Brouwer’s analysis. From his point of view, the continuum is not a collection of absolutely individualized already given discrete points, which could in some way be extracted and used. The mathematical points in intuitionism are, so to speak, mentally constructed as sequences of infinitely converging intervals. Thus, no interval has an absolutely segmented, intrinsically formed, and/or absolutely individualized “limit”. For any “stage” of the interval there is always a space of infinite possibilities of other intervals. Hence there would be no point of infinitely distant cumulation of the intervals that could be found by the mathematician, as if the continuum were mappable such as a city is mappable by a geographer. From this point of view, the classical perspective would need to subscribe, even if not intentionally, to the existence of absolutely individualized discrete points in order to be able to make some kind of sense of its analysis of real numbers, of calculus, in short, of classical mathematics. This intuitionist notions of “continuum” and “real numbers” qua “infinitely converging intervals” became possible because of the type of philosophical bases that precede them. Such bases were developed from two fundamental acts that are understood in the context of an idealistic philosophy of Kantian inspiration. Thus, such acts are comprehended from a “Neo-Kantian” framework, in some sense or, more accurately, to use Brouwer’s expression, from an “up-to-date Kantism”. They are: (i) the act of mental recognition of the distinction between mathematical entities and linguistic entities and (ii) the act of mental recognition of the possibility of new mathematical entities. Both acts are interconnected and presuppose the same bases. In fact, the first act is connected with the radically intuitive aspect of the mental construction of mathematical entities, and the second act brings to light particularly important notes of the nature of the intuitionist continuum through the possibility of always emerging new mathematical entities, i.e., the continuum is a type of entity that is never determinable, it does not ever have an absolute form determined by a collection of discrete points that are absolutely individualizable. Therefore, the continuum is definitely indeterminate. In other words, the second act acknowledges that mathematical entities are intensionally “expansible” through the notion of “choice sequences”. Thus, these sequences are fundamental to the intuitionist continuum. In this dissertation, we present these philosophical bases in the first chapters and apply them to some specific mathematical contexts in the last chapters so as to try to elucidate the philosophical and mathematical nature of the intuitionist continuum and/or real numbers through the explicitness of properties of cohesion, viscosity, and infinitely converging intervals.
Cave canem ou Antístenes de Atenas e as origens do cinismo antigo
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-08-30) Silveira, Brenner Brunetto Oliveira; Pereira, Rafael Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6269509018217934; Pereira, Rafael Rodrigues; Dinucci , Doutor Aldo Lopes; Flores Júnior, Olimar
This dissertation aims to analyze the life and work of Antisthenes of Athens. Based on the most recent research about this author, we will investigate the interpretive divergences that exist between the most diverse specialists in the field, among which the main impasse is to know if Antisthenes was a Rhetoric / Sophist or a philosopher and, if he was - if be considered a philosopher - a Socratic or a Cynic. Later we will try to demonstrate, based on the ancient sources, that he was both a sophist, as well as Socratic and cynical. We will try to demonstrate that the whole “theory” of ancient cynicism is based on the logic and the theory of language by Antisthenes.
A co-pertinência entre Ser e homem no pensamento de Heidegger: em busca da unidade esquecida.
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-07-02) RAMOS, Daniel Rodrigues; KORELC, Martina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1843883998267808
The together-belongingness (Zusammengehörigkeit) of Be-ing and man is discussed in this dissertation in the style of a Phenomenological reflection the together-belongingness (Zusammengehörigkeit) of Be-ing and man. It treats of a concept which appears explicitily in the phenomenological thought of Martin Heidegger, especially, beginning in the 30s, when he questioned the meaning of Truth according to the history of Be-ing, that is, as enowning (Ereignis). The reflection, however, begins with the presupposition together-belongingness is a notion present in the thought of Heidegger from the outset of the fundamental-ontological development of the question of Be-ing, represented principally by the primary work of 1927, Sein und Zeit. For this reason, the reflection begins discussing the unity of the thought itinerary of Heidegger, showing that the reversal of the thinking (Kehre) of the 30s is responsible for the transformation which establishes the same question of Be-ing in a more originating extent than that of Sein und Zeit. Admitting from the beginning that together-belongingness translates the mutual reference between Be-ing and man, coming from the primordial unity, in dependence upon which both bring about historically their essence, and not a secondary and posterior relation between two self-subsisting poles, the discussion proceeds determining the structures of human existence, by which together-belongingness is considered in the different levels of elaboration of the question of Be-ing. Consequently, the central thrust of the dissertation is summarized in limiting the spatial-temporal ambience of the common reference. In the first place, attention is given to the analyses of the comprehension-interpretation project of human existence and language, according to Sein und Zeit. Then, according to Beiträge zur Philosophie, the same ambience is limited taking into consideration the grounding of Da-sein as the intermediary dimension between man and Be-ing, it being the instance of supportability of happening of Truth. Finally, the projection of human existence is revealed as the leap of Be-ing, in such a manner that movement of realization of the essence of Be-ing is shown as being the same as the consummation of the historical existence of men. Thus, the coming about of the Truth, by which Be-ing is experienced as abysmal grounding, is coordinated with the historical coming about of human existence, granting it, in virtue of the depth of its grounding, a unitary movement of revealing and of hiding the mystery of Be-ing. Being that this coordination is the manifestation of the originating space and time, human existence appears as the establishment of the space-time dimension of the abyss of Being, always in agreement with an historical possibility. In this way, the together-belongingness appears as an historical sending-forth, in the form of a questioning which Be-ing directs to man, but which is consumed in the measure which man responds, or as it may be, assumes the responsibility for the destiny of his existence according to the appeals of Be-ing. Thus, thought, understood as a human faculty during all of the history of metaphysics, is reduced to its essence: that by which man corresponds to the historical appeals of Be-ing. To think consumes the intimate reference of man to Be-ing and, therefore, is the privileged manner of placing in operation human existence in union with Be-ing. By means of thought, therefore, man has understood himself separated from and in front of Be-ing. For that reason, the reflection of this dissertation is a path in search of the forgotten unity between man and Be-ing.
A comunidade moralizada em Rousseau e Platão: fundação, conservação e degeneração
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-12-09) Remigio, Adriane Campos de Assis; Moscateli, Renato; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8852962822237051; Moscateli, Renato; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8852962822237051; Reis, Helena Esser dos; Reis, Cláudio Araújo dos
La recherche que nous avons réalisée explore les répercussions philosophiques de Platon que nous supposons pouvoir trouver dans la pensée politique de Rousseau. Donc, nous cherchons à investiguer ce que nous comprenons comme des moyens pour établir et maintenir une république dans la vision de Rousseau, et après cela, comprendre pour quelles raisons elle a sa fin. Partant de l‘hypothèse selon laquelle il s‘agit d‘une communauté moralisée, nous cherchons vérifier si quelques-unes des caractéristiques qui la composent avaient déjà été conçues dans la philosophie platonicienne. Nous commençons par montrer comment, dans les deux auteurs, il y a une réflexion sur un espace antérieur à la société, et que après sa création, certains principes semblent s‘approcher par rapport à son ordre: la simplicité dans la vie, le renforcement de l‘unité et l‘harmonie de la communauté, l‘importance des lois et de l‘éducation en tant que stratégie politique, l‘importance des événements festives, les critiques au luxe, aux différences politiques, l‘aversion aux factions. Après avoir analysé tous ces aspects, nous pensons que quelques-uns d‘entre eux méritent une observation plus attentive, une fois que, faute d‘être problématisés, ses conséquences pourraient conduire à des restrictions possibles à la liberté des membres de ces communautés. Par conséquent, au bout de notre exposé sur la formation, la préservation et la fin du corps politique, nous interrogeons l'espace de la liberté individuelle dans les communautés idéalisées par Platon et Rousseau.
O conceito de ação no pensamento filosófico e político de Hannah Arendt
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-10-22) CARVALHO, Diego Avelino de Moraes; SILVA, Adriano Correia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7465568204123045
This dissertation is aimed at analyzing Hannah Arendt's concept of Action, and consequently Power, and at showing how these two concepts are essential to the constitution of a genuine Public Space, where freedom and politics reign. I intend to divide it into three general parts, each containing pedagogically necessary subdivisions. On the first part, I will analyze Arendt's distinction between the three central categories for the understanding of modern times: labor, work and action. The action, seen as a pre-politics subjective realm, is the theoretical core of this chapter, along with how the action, side by side with speech, happens on human relations, on an inter-subjective realm. The second part talks about the unfolding of Action throughout the history of mankind, pointing out its many different interpretations, misconceptions and refutations over the centuries. Finally, the third part is set on the analysis of the resizing which the concept of action has suffered throughout the late modern period, mostly after the revolutions, especially the French and American ones, pointing to a new political horizon.

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