O livro V da República à luz da perspectiva do pensamento crítico

Abstract

The present word, entitled Book V of the Republic from the perspective of critical thinking, was chosen because criticality appears as an immanent element throughout the history of philosophy, and can therefore be analyzed in the context of both ancient and contemporary philosophy. In this way, the objectives of this monograph were to carry out an investigation into what knowledge, opinion and ignorance would be for Plato, since from the perspective of this work knowledge will be understood as critical thinking and opinion as non-critical thinking, in addition to an investigation into the ontological and epistemological approach to doxa and epistem, analyzing what being, no-being and the Platonic Forms would be. Based on all this analysis, the last chapter investigated whether there are links between the Platonic conception of critical thinking and this thinking in the contemporary context, as well as the possibility of a progression from doxa to episteme in a philosophy class, bearing in mind that the teaching of philosophy is a topic that I consider fundamental. After all this research carried out in Book V of The Republic, since it is in this work that Plato makes it clear what he understands by knowledge and opinion, it is possible to come to the conclusion of what Plato understood these concepts to be, in addition to making it clear that it would be preferable for people to have critical thinking, instead of non-critical thinking, because this way they would be assured of knowledge that would be true.