Entendendo como o HIV infecta células humanas: quimiocinas e seus receptores
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Data
1998-06
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Editor
Ruy de Souza Lino Junior
Resumo
This review refers to very recent and strikingly important
discoveries that have explained the nature of accessory molecules required by
HIV to infect human cells, providing information about mechanism of host
resistance and opening perspectives for new drug and vaccine targets. One
year after the discovery of the HIV, the CD4 molecule was identifíed as the
primary receptor used by the virus to infect T lymphocytes. However, for
more than a decade there hás been a long and difficult search for the coreceptors,
since it was known that CD4 alone was not enough to promote
infection of target cells. In 1996, several research groups discovered that
receptors for chemokines, chemotactic cytokines, function as coreceptors,
together with CD4 molecules allowing infection of target cells. Chemokines
are classified into four distinct families, two of them well described: the a
chemokines (CXCR) with 4 receptors (CXCR-1) to 4) and the P chemokines
(CC) and their 8 receptors (CCR-1 to 8). The first HIV coreceptor
characterized was the receptor CXCR-4 that permits infection of CD4+ T
lymphocytes. Soon after this, the coreceptor that allows infection of
macrophages was identifíed as the CCR-5 molecule. During early stages of
infection., HIV strains which have tropism for macrophages and use CCR-5
prevail and these strains slowly evolve to strains that have tropism for CD4+
T lymphocytes infecting them through CXCR-4. These strains are probably
responsible for the depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes observed in advanced
stages of the disease. Exposed-uninfected subjects may be homozygous or
heterozygous for a mutant CCR-5 allele with a 32 base pair deletion, which is
not compatible with CCR-5 expression on cell surface, suggesting a
protective effect. These recent discoveries altogether start a new era of hopes
with different targets for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions against
HIV/AIDS.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
HlV/AIDS, Co-receptores, Quimiocinas, Coreceptors, Chemokines
Citação
STEFANI, Mariane Martins de Araújo; VIEIRA, Regina Beatriz Bevilacqua; PEREIRA, Gisner Alves de Souza; TEIXEIRA JR., João; FERRO, Maria Qrdália. Entendendo como o HIV infecta células humanas: quimiocinas e seus receptores. Revista de Patologia Tropical, Goiânia, v. 27, n. 1, p. 1-10, jan./jun. 1998. Disponível em: <https://www.revistas.ufg.br/iptsp/article/view/17192/10364>.