Ideologia e o sujeito: contribuições de Freud a Lacan

Abstract

The concept of Ideology has roots in social theories, having numerous interpretations throughout history about itsmeaningandpresence in society. Psychoanalysis, even focusing on subjective processes, discovered a link between the subject and society in the subject's accounting. The psychoanalytic concepts of Superego and Other permeate this tension between our history and culture and are part of our phylogenetic and ontological history. Furthermore, Žižek's developments on ideological fantasy point to fruitful articulations between psychoanalytic concepts and the concept of ideology. Thus, thispaper aims to understand the concept of ideology, analyzing the works of Freud, Lacan and Žižek, to conceive this concept in their texts. The methodological procedure used in this conceptual research was the “conceptual text interpretation procedure” (PICT). Žižek considered the concepts of Psychoanalysis for his social critiques of politics and culture. Thus, Žižek builds his concept of ideological fantasy affirming the psychoanalytic findings: fantasy is a way of dealing with the real, building a reality for the subject. In this way, it was necessary to think of fantasy as a process shared in culture, constituting itself as an ideology – that which allows us and configures our social reality. Following Lacan, the concepts of Superego, object a and discourses are present in the theory of Žižek: the use of psychoanalysis for social studies, proposing a new political perspective who take into account the constitution of the subject.