Coordenação de proteção e seletividade em redes de distribuição com penetração de geração distribuída

Abstract

The work presents a detailed study on the coordination of protection and selectivity in electrical distribution networks with distributed generation, focusing on a 1 MW Small Hydroelectric Power Plant (CGH) located in the interior of Goiás. The study includes the analysis of critical operating scenarios, equipment specification, protection functions, and the parameterization of protection relays. The necessary adaptations to ensure safe and coordinated operation with the utility's protection devices, such as substation relays, reclosers, and fuses, are addressed. The main objective is to highlight the importance of selectivity and coordination in the protection system, especially considering the increasing penetration of distributed generation, which introduces additional challenges such as bidirectional current flow and variations in voltage and frequency levels. This encompasses the need to adapt the parameters of protection relays to maintain selectivity and avoid improper operations that could compromise the continuity of energy supply. The detailed analysis of operating scenarios takes into account different fault conditions and the influence of distributed generation on these events, providing an in-depth understanding of how distributed generation can impact the operation of distribution networks. The specification of equipment and protection functions is carried out in a way that ensures relays operate in a coordinated manner, both with the CGH equipment and with the devices in the distribution network. Correct parameterization of the relays is essential for them to adequately discriminate fault types and act selectively, ensuring system protection and minimizing interruptions. The study highlights the importance of implementing practices and standards that consider the particularities of distributed generation, ensuring reliable and efficient operation of the electrical system.