Análise espacial da desigualdade socioterritorial no estado de Goiás, Brasil

Abstract

Social-spatial inequality refers to disparities between territories and their populations, encompassing income distribution, access to basic services, quality of life, and cultural, political, and historical factors that shape these disparities. The article analyzes social-spatial inequality in municipalities of Goiás, Brazil, using univariate and bivariate spatial techniques to identify patterns (clusters) of social exclusion and inclusion within a GIS environment. Spatial statistical techniques, such as Global and Local Moran’s I, were applied. Indicators of literacy, longevity, absence of housing infrastructure, and income were considered. The results revealed significant spatial dependence clusters in municipalities of the metropolitan region of Goiânia and surrounding the Federal District. In the univariate analysis, positive spatial autocorrelation was observed for all indicators. In the bivariate analysis, between the Municipal Development Index (IDM) and the selected indicators, negative spatial autocorrelation was identified, except for IDM–Longevity and IDM–Employment, which showed positive associations.