Soil acidity indicators for liming in tropical acid soils cropped with soybean under short and long-term no-tillage systems
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2022
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Although the movement of liming materials under no-tillage (NT) systems can intensify stratification of soil
chemical properties and be deleterious to soybean growth, little is known regarding the soil acidity indicators
used to predict lime requirement (LR) in Brazilian soils under NT. Thus, we hypothesize that the
recommendation criteria used for predicting LR in soils under NT must be different from those adopted in soils
under conventional tillage (CT), and the reference values for such liming indicators may vary according to the
phase following the adoption of the NT system. The study aimed to obtain soil acidity indicators for soybean
(Glycine max (L.) Merill) in tropical acid soils under no-tillage (NT) systems and their respective critical levels
according to the phase of NT. Sites under NT were commercial soybean crop areas located in the Cerrado region,
Brazil. Systems analyzed were NTI (NT management from 0 to 5 years—initial phase), and NT TC (NT
management from 5 to 20 years—transition-consolidation phase). Soil samples were collected at the 0-5, 0-10,
and 0-20 cm layers, and analyzed for chemical characteristics. Relationships between crop yield response of
soybean to lime application and various soil acidity-related characteristics led to establishing soil acidiy
indicators for liming in tropical acid soils under no tillage. Critical levels were approximately similar in both
phases of NT for exchangeable Ca and Mg, and potential acidity, but varied greatly depending on the soil layer
and phase of NT management for soil pH CaCl2, CECpH7.0, and base saturation. In general, for both phases of NT,
the critical levels of soil acidity indicators were lowest for the 0-20 cm layer, moderate for the 0-10 cm layer, and
highest for the 0-5 cm layer. Lime applied with incorporation in the NT TC phase kept the soil with chemical
attributes more favorable for plant growth than when surface liming was employed in the NTI phase, which was
verified by the soybean yield response. Our results indicate the differences on the soil acidity indexes between
the top and bottom depths that would not have been realized in a soil sampling for conventional tillage. Hence,
recommendation criteria for lime application considering distinct soil depths and NT systems will be helpful
when making lime decisions. Further research should focus on the development of reliable methods for
predicting LR according to the NT phase and consequently maximize soybean production under NT systems in
Brazil.
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Glycine max L Merrill, Conservation tillage, Critical limits, Soil acidity indexes, Soil layers
Citação
TEIXEIRA, Welldy Gonçalves et al. Soil acidity indicators for liming in tropical acid soils cropped with soybean under short- and long-term no-tillage systems. Journal of Agricultural Science, Toronto, v. 14, n. 8, p. 59-71, 2022. DOI: 10.5539/jas.v14n8p59. Disponível em: https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jas/article/view/0/47461. Acesso em: 8 out. 2024.