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In vitro assessment of PGPR consortia as bioinoculants for enhancement of upland rice seedling growth
(2026) Duarte, Gabriella Alves; Ajulo, Akintunde Abiodun; Cruz, Dennis Ricardo Cabral; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; Nascente, Adriano Stephan
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are recognized for their ability to enhance root system development and improve nutrient uptake in crops, representing a sustainable alternative to synthetic fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of single PGPR strains and consortia on the root development of upland rice seedlings. A completely randomized design with 29 treatments (7 single inoculants, 21 consortia, and 1 uninoculated control), each with five replications, was established. The strains included M01 (Leclercia adecarboxylata), M02 (Priestia megaterium BRM69509), M03 (Pseudomonas sp. BRM69536), M04 (Pseudomonas sp. BRM69515), M05 (Enterobacter hormaechei BRM69541), M06 (Bacillus toyonensis BRM32110), and M07 (Serratia marcescens BRM65920). Seeds were pre-germinated and maintained in a germination chamber at 28 °C with a 12-h photoperiod. After 12 days, seedling roots were imaged and analyzed for length, surface area, diameter, and volume. The consortium of P. megaterium BRM69509 and B. toyonensis BRM32110 increased root length by 42.52% relative to the control and formed a distinct superior group according to the Scott–Knott test (P < 0.05). For root surface area, consortium M24 (B. toyonensis + Pseudomonas sp. BRM69515) showed the highest numerical value, although grouped with other top-performing treatments. Root diameter was significantly enhanced by multiple treatments, particularly those involving L. adecarboxylata and E. hormaechei, with L. adecarboxylata + P. megaterium are presenting the highest numerical values within the top statistical group. Similarly, root volume was maximized in treatments grouped in the highest cluster, with L. adecarboxylata + B. toyonensis BRM32110 showing the highest numerical value. In conclusion, specific PGPR consortia demonstrated superior performance compared to single inoculants, substantially improving root architecture and thereby enhancing nutrient and water uptake. These findings highlight the potential of PGPR consortia as effective bioinoculants for sustainable upland rice production.
Plant growth-promoting bacteria from the Brazilian Cerrado enhance biomass and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
(2026) Façanha, Aline Cristina Mendes; Vieira, Wendel Gabriel Magalhães; Ventura, Nathalia Morais; Oliveira, Carlos Augusto Cavalcante de; Souza, Isabella Silva Roque de; Alho, Leandro Coutinho; Caetano, Edmilson Junio Medeiros; Costa, Evandro Inácio da
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a staple crop that contributes significantly to global food security, particularly in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. In Brazil, common bean production is predominantly carried out by family farmers and relies heavily on potassium and phosphorus fertilization. However, excessive application of chemical fertilizers may result in negative environmental impacts. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have emerged as promising alternatives for enhancing crop productivity while reducing dependence on synthetic fertilizers. This study evaluated the effects of 12 bacterial isolates obtained from the Brazilian Cerrado on biomass accumulation and grain yield of common bean. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions using the cultivar BRS FC415, with treatments consisting of 12 bacterial isolates and a sterile water control. Seed microbiolization with Cerrado-derived bacterial isolates significantly improved plant growth and grain productivity. Among the tested isolates, Acinetobacter species (BRM 71990) demonstrated the highest reproductive performance, increasing the number of pods by 102%, grains by 73%, and overall yield by 72% compared with the control treatment. Lysinibacillus boronitolerans (BRM 71995) and Herbaspirillum seropedicae (BRM 71996) also significantly increased yield, with improvements of 47 and 44%, respectively. Overall, microbiolization with these bacterial isolates consistently enhanced biomass production and grain yield, demonstrating their potential as effective bioinoculants for sustainable common bean production. However, multi-location field trials under diverse environmental conditions are necessary to validate these greenhouse results and support the wider adoption of these bacterial strains as sustainable bioinputs in common bean cultivation.
Crop rotation, cover crop mix, and multifunctional rhizobacteria for the sustainable development of soybeans
(2026) Silva, Mariana Aguiar; Cruz, Dennis Ricardo Cabral; Frasca, Laylla Luanna de Mello; Ferreira, Amanda Lopes; Mirza, Cássia Cristina Rezende; Lanna, Anna Cristina; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; Nascente, Adriano Stephan
In the Cerrado, soybean monoculture (Glycine max) and second-crop corn succession reduce soil quality and compromise long-term productivity. The application of conservation practices such as crop rotation, cover crops, and multifunctional rhizobacteria is essential for sustainable soybean cultivation in the region. This study aimed to evaluate how cover crop mixtures cultivated during the second crop season, in rotation with upland rice, and the co-inoculation of soybeans with multifunctional rhizobacteria affect soil quality (physical, chemical, and biological), as well as soybean nutrient uptake, biomass production, yield components, and final yield. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, arranged in a 7 x 2 = 14 factorial scheme with four replications. The treatments included five cover crop mixtures and two fallow systems: fallow 1 – rice/fallow/soybean (rotation between upland rice and soybean, without cover crops during the off-season) and fallow 2 – soybean/fallow/soybean (no rotation with upland rice and no cover crops in the off-season). All treatments with cover crop mixtures were also conducted under a rotational system, with soybean cultivated after upland rice in the summer season. Soybean seeds were either co-inoculated or not with Bacillus sp. (BRM 63573) and Serratia marcensces (BRM 32114). Rotation with upland rice and cover crop mixes provided higher P and Zn content in the soil, higher activity of the β-Glycosidase enzyme, lower density, higher total porosity, lower incidence of phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani), greater biomass production, greater macro and micronutrient content in the aerial part, greater number of pods per plant and grain yield of the soybean crop concerning the areas that remained fallow. Fallow 2 (soybean/fallow/soybean) provided lower results for most of the analyzed variables (soil attributes, nutrient uptake, biomass production, grain yield and soybean yield components). Co-inoculation provided higher soil microporosity, lower density of the phytopathogenic fungus (Fusarium oxysporum) in the soil, greater biomass production and nutrient accumulation in the shoot of soybean plants, compared to treatment without co-inoculation.
Biochemical characteristics of potential beneficial microorganisms
(2026) Duarte, Gabriella Alves; Moura, Maria Fernanda Gonçalves Godoi; Machado, Juliana de Farias; Oliveira, Rafael Bueno; Cruz, Dennis Ricardo Cabral; Abiodun, Akintunde Ajulo; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; Nascente, Adriano Stephan
The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria can significantly increase crop grain yield while reducing synthetic inputs and production costs, representing a sustainable agricultural practice. This study aimed to biochemically characterize bacterial strains with potential plant growth-promoting activity. For each biochemical characteristic evaluated (nitrogen fixation, nutrient solubilization, and production of hydrogen cyanide, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and biofilm), an experiment was conducted with twenty- nine treatments, namely M01 (Leclercia adecarboxylata), M02 (Priestia megaterium), M03 (Pseudomonas sp.1), M04 (Pseudomonas sp.2), M05 (Enterobacter hormaechei), M06 (Bacillus toyonensis), M07 (Serratia nematodiphila), M08 to M28 (combination of microorganisms), and M29 (control - without microorganisms). Bacillus toyonensis (M06), Serratia nematodiphila (M07), Enterobacter hormaechei (M05), and Priestia megaterium (M02) exhibited multiple plant growth-promoting traits, including nutrient solubilization, nitrogen fixation, biofilm formation, and IAA production. Among the evaluated treatments, M05, M11, M16, M20, and M24 exhibited the highest IAA production (42.95–49.08 μg/ mL). Treatments M12, M17, and M28 showed strong multi-nutrient solubilization capacity. Overall, the results indicate that specific bacterial combinations can enhance biochemical functions and may be strategically selected to improve plant growth-promoting activity.
Agronomic and economic evaluation of soybean under beneficial microorganism and cover crop management
(2026) Ferreira, Izabely Vitória Lucas; Cruz, Dennis Ricardo Cabral; Monteiro, Natasha Ohanny da Costa; Vieira, Igor Cristian de Oliveira; Duarte, Gabriella Alves; Caetano, Edmilson Junio Medeiros; Pampolha, Carine Vitória Lucas; Nascente, Adriano Stephan
Soybean, the main oilseed crop cultivated in Brazil, faces challenges related to sustainability and dependence on chemical inputs. The use of beneficial microorganisms and cover crops may be an alternative to increase productivity and reduce costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of combining cover crops with multifunctional microorganisms on soybean development and to assess its financial viability. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design in a 5 × 3 factorial scheme, with four replications. Treatments consisted of the combination of five cover crops [1) fallow; 2) Fagopyrum esculentum; 3) Pennisetum glaucum; 4) Mix 1 (Avena strigosa, A. sativa, Crotalaria ochroleuca, C. juncea, Raphanus sativus, and Eleusine coracana); and 5) Mix 2 (A. strigosa, C. spectabilis, Raphanus sativus, and F. esculentum)] with three microbiological management strategies (1. Embrapa: Serratia marcescens, Bacillus sp., Azospirillum brasilense, and Trichoderma koningiopsis; 2. Commercial: microbial consortium + Penergetic; and 3. Standard management). The evaluated variables were cover crop biomass production, 100-grain weight, yield, and economic analysis. Pearl millet showed the highest biomass production (8.52 t ha−1). The Commercial and Embrapa management strategies provided the highest average soybean yields (4.48 and 4.34 t ha−1, respectively), both higher than the Standard management (4.26 t ha−1). Economic analysis indicated the highest financial return for the Commercial management ($799.49 ha−1). It is concluded that the adoption of plant growth–promoting microorganisms, combined with the use of cover crops, is a sustainable and economically viable practice for soybean cultivation.
Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms and their influence on grain crops in the cerrado:a narrative review
(2026) Araújo, Cristy Hellen Ferreira de; Souza, Isabella Silva Roque de; Caetano, Edmilson Junio Medeiros; Sampaio, Edilane dos Santos; Costa, Evandro Inácio da; Alho, Leandro Coutinho; Nascente, Adriano Stephan
Phosphorus is one of the most limiting macronutrients for agricultural production in tropical soils, especially in the Brazilian Cerrado, due to its low availability and high adsorption to soil constituents. In this context, the use of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) has emerged as a sustainable alternative to increase the efficiency of phosphorus use and reduce dependence on mineral fertilizers. The objective of this study was to review and discuss the main mechanisms of action of PSMs, as well as their potential to increase phosphorus availability in Cerrado soils. This is a narrative literature review with a qualitative approach, based on scientific publications obtained from national and international databases. The results demonstrate that PSMs act through different mechanisms, such as the production of organic acids, proton release, cation chelation, and enzymatic activity, promoting the solubilization and mineralization of phosphorus present in the soil. Studies report positive effects on the growth and productivity of crops such as rice, beans, corn, soybeans, and wheat, even with a partial reduction in phosphate fertilization. Furthermore, the development of commercial inoculants based on these microorganisms—notably BiomaPhos®—highlights the potential of this technology to enhance phosphorus use efficiency. The integration of bio-inputs and mineral fertilizers shows promise for increasing agronomic efficiency and reducing dependence on non-renewable sources. It is concluded that MSPs constitute a relevant tool for the sustainable management of soil fertility, contributing to the reduction of costs and environmental impacts.
Low-cost energy efficiency using a frequency inverter for center pivot irrigation pumping in a pearl millet cultivation area
(2026) Mendes, André Luiz Milhardes; Alves Júnior, José; Sandri, Delvio; Souza, João Maurício Fernandes; Casaroli, Derblai; Pena, Diogo Silva; Evangelista, Adão Wagner Pêgo; Capuchinho, Frank Freire
Biological agents and their derivatives as suppressors of southern corn leaf blight
(2026) Franco, Leandra Gonçalves; Gonçalves, Ariany Rosa; Oliveira, Lorena Resende; Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a globally important crop used for food, feed and industrial raw materials. However, fungal diseases, particularly southern corn leaf blight caused by Bipolaris maydis, lead to severe yield losses. As an alternative to fungicide treatments, this study aimed to identify bacterial isolates and their crude extracts with antagonistic potential against B. maydis and efficient suppression of southern corn leaf blight. The research comprised four experimental stages: (E1) dual-culture assays to select six antagonistic bacterial isolates; (E2) production of cell-free crude extracts to determine their antifungal properties; (E3) in vitro evaluation of the compatibility and combined effect of bacterial cells and crude extracts; and (E4) greenhouse experiments using the ‘Potiguar’ maize cultivar to assess disease severity reduction in vivo. In greenhouse trials, bacterial suspensions or crude extracts were sprayed on the foliage to run-off, simultaneously with B. maydis inoculation, followed by high-humidity incubation. Six isolates—Bacillus velezensis, B. altitudinis, Pseudomonas putida, P. aeruginosa, Priestia megaterium and a Pantoea sp. reduced the pathogen's colony area by at least 50% after 7 days of co-culture. Their crude extracts resulted in antibiosis, reducing colony area by 11.0% to 77.7%, while Pantoea sp. suppressed leaf blight severity by 28.2% in greenhouse conditions, and P. aeruagina'crude extract by 45.3%. These results contribute to developing sustainable alternatives for southern corn leaf blight management.
Cross‑inoculation and host responses to Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens in common bean, soybean, and cowpea: pathogenicity, symptom expression, and xylem colonization
(2026) Ferreira, Suellen Rodrigues; Ferreira, Adriane Wendland; Pereira, Ronair José; Melo, Jordana Alves da Silva
Genetic variability within a pathogen species underlies its ability to infect multiple plant species. Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens is a notable example of a pathogen capable of colonizing plant tissues across different species, including those within the same family or across distinct families. The pathovar flaccumfaciens comprises isolates that induce both systemic and foliar symptoms in common beans and soybeans, leading to Curtobacterium wilt and bacterial brown spot diseases. Understanding the pathogen’s behavior across various hosts is essential for developing effective strategies to mitigate its detrimental impact on crop productivity. This study evaluated the systemic and localized infection capacity of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv flaccumfaciens (Cff) isolates originating from different host species in soybean, common bean, and cowpea cultivars using distinct inoculation methods. The results demonstrated that Cff isolates obtained from soybean plants elicited varying symptomatology across the three legume species. Furthermore, differential host reactions were observed among the tested cultivars when inoculated with the same Cff isolates.
Reducing the severity of wilt in common beans ( L.) by coinoculation of of Rhizobium tropici and Azospirillum brasilense
(2026) Silva, Noé Barroso da; Mirza, Cássia Cristina Rezende; Ferreira, Adriane Wendland; Ferreira, Enderson Petrônio de Brito; Oliveira, Ana Paula Santos
Root diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli are major limiting factors for grain production of common beans in Brazil. The use of antagonistic bacteria can inhibit and reduce the incidence of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of co-inoculating with Rhizobium tropici and Azospirillum brasilense on the severity of Fusarium wilt in five common bean cultivars. Three field experiments were conducted with five common bean cultivars (Pérola, BRS Estilo, BRS Notável, BRS FC402, and BRS FC104) and three nitrogen sources (coinoculation, nitrogen fertilization, and absolute control), arranged in a randomized complete block design with a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement and four replications. The inclusion of various N sources, such as mineral fertilizer and biological fixation, was crucial to understanding how nitrogen availability and form influence plant resistance, rhizosphere interactions, and grain yield (GY) under Fusarium pressure. Fusarium wilt severity was determined throughout the growth cycle, and GY was determined at physiological maturity. Pérola and BRS FC402 were more resistant to Fusarium wilt than BRS Estilo and BRS FC104. Coinoculation improved resistance by 5% compared to nitrogen fertilization and by 10% compared to the control. The coinoculated cultivars were capable of maintaining yields comparable to nitrogen fertilization. Thus, the severity of Fusarium wilt in common bean is influenced by a combination of cultivar resistance, nitrogen fertilization, and coinoculation of beneficial microorganisms that can provide GY similar to the N-fertilized condition. In addition, the results demonstrate that coinoculation with Rhizobia and Azospirilla can reduce the severity of Fusarium wilt in common beans, suggesting an ecological and sustainable alternative to chemical control, while promoting plant growth and nitrogen fixation.
Understanding the microenvironment for dairy cows within an open compost-bedded pack barn in southeastern Brazil: temporal and spatial behaviour during winter and summer
(2026) Oliveira, Carlos Eduardo Alves; Tinôco, Ilda de Fátima Ferreira; Mariano, Túlio Souza; Sousa, Fernanda Campos de; Andrade, Rafaella Resende; Damasceno, Flávio Alves; Ferraz, Gabriel Araújo e Silva; Barbari, Matteo
Compost-Bedded Pack Barn (CBP) systems, predominantly built and operated in facilities with open sides, have been increasingly used worldwide. These facilities are more exposed to environmental fluctuations; therefore, real-time and spatial mapping of the thermal microenvironment is relevant, as it allows for the identification of areas and times with thermal comfort issues. In this context, the aim of this study was to characterise the temporal and spatial variation of thermal environmental variables (dry-bulb air temperature, relative humidity, and the Temperature–Humidity Index) within an open CBP system during winter and summer using a validated low-cost embedded system (LCES) developed for this purpose. The study was conducted in a typical CBP located in the Zona da Mata, an important dairy basin in Minas Gerais, Brazil's largest milk-producing region. The LCES was developed using low-cost electronic components, calibrated against reference instruments, and employed to monitor the microenvironment in a grid of points distributed throughout the Animal Occupied Zone during winter and summer. Based on temporal analyses, thermal conditions during winter were comfortable for lactating Holstein cows but were stressful in summer (9:10 a.m. to 6:30 p.m.), when there was potential for more efficient use of evaporative cooling (relative humidity ≤ 80.00%). Through spatial analyses, significant spatial variability in thermal conditions was observed, particularly in the morning and afternoon These findings suggest that adjustments to thermal protection systems in CBP facilities are necessary and provide a scientific basis for retrofitting existing facilities and designing new open CBP systems.
Single and dual crop coefficients and their impact on the irrigation management of sugarcane cycles in the Brazilian savanna
(2026) Casaroli, Derblai; Brustolin, Edilane Ferreira Borges; Alves Júnior, José; Evangelista, Adão Wagner Pêgo; Capuchinho, Frank Freire; Rocha, Pauletti Karllien; Vieira, Yasmim Gabriely; Teixeira, Itamar Rosa; Flores, Rilner Alves; Xavier, Maxuel Fellipe Nunes; Andrade, Rafaella Resende
Brazil is the world’s leading producer of sugarcane, with a substantial portion of its production (87.5%) located within the Brazilian savanna biome, a region characterized by severe water deficit from May to September, which limits crop yield. Therefore, accurate and up-to-date information on key variables for optimizing irrigated sugarcane cultivation in this area is essential. This study aimed to determine the crop water requirement, the single (Kc) and dual (Kcdual) crop coefficients for sugarcane (plant cane and ratoon) cycles in the Brazilian savanna, using a multi-method approach that integrates lysimetry and FAO-56–based modeling. The water requirement was determined through lysimetry (ETcL), and the values of Kc and Kcdual, including tabulated, experimental, and estimated coefficients, were compared and utilized in irrigation simulations. Total ETcL was 1756.5 mm in the first cycle (plant cane) and 1201.4 mm in the first ratoon cycle. For plant cane, lysimeter-derived Kc values were more consistent with values from the literature than those observed for ratoon; however, the dual Kc values were similar in both cycles. In the plant cane cycle, irrigation depth increased when the lysimetric Kc (KcL=+10.3%) and the experimental dual Kc (Kcdual E =+6.6%) were applied. In contrast, water savings were achieved using the estimated single (KcSE = −11.2%) and estimated dual (Kcdual e = −0.8%) coefficients compared to the tabulated Kc. In the ratoon cycle, all coefficients indicated lower irrigation depths (KcL= −27.1%; KcSE = −3.6%; Kcdual E = −20.1%; Kcdual e = −21.1%). Furthermore, factors such as the limited experimental area, potential border effects, local microclimatic disturbances, and constraints related to root system dynamics in lysimeter-based experiments should be considered. The integration of lysimetric measurements with FAO-56 estimates provides practical crop coefficients, enabling more precise irrigation scheduling and optimized water use in the Brazilian savanna.
Effect of light supplementation on pitaya productivity and quality during the off-season
(2025) Silva, Luíz Guilherme Malaquias da; Costa, Carlos Alexandre Rocha da; Batista, Giovanni Aleixo; Amorim, Katiúcia Alves; Abreu, Danilo José Machado de; Rodrigues, Luiz José; Pio, Leila Aparecida Salles; Vilas Boas, Eduardo Valério de Barros; Carvalho, Elisangela Elena Nunes
Recent taxonomic updates confirm Selenicereus as a valid genus, replacing older nomenclature such as Cereus megalanthus, Mediocactus megalanthus, and Hylocereus. Despite pitaya's adaptability to hot and humid climates, flowering and fruit development are strongly influenced by environmental factors such as photoperiod and temperature. Critical photoperiods, especially those falling below 12 h of daylight in higher latitudes, can inhibit flowering. Nighttime light supplementation (LS) has emerged as a key approach to overcoming these limitations, demonstrating considerable potential for inducing or enhancing flowering during off-season periods. Studies show that LS using LEDs substantially increases fruit yield by up to 44%, pulp mass by 35%, and soluble solid content by 18% in certain cultivars. Hormonal changes—including elevated cytokinin, gibberellin, auxin, and other phytohormones—have been observed, correlating with improved floral bud formation and subsequent fruit quality. Furthermore, LS has been associated with increases of up to 25% in total phenolics and 30% in carotenoids, reinforcing the nutritional and sensory attributes of pitaya. Pitaya's intraspecific variability also underlines the importance of investigating genetic, agronomic, and biochemical factors to optimize production and meet the growing consumer demand for high-quality fruit. Although the current body of research highlights LS as a promising means to boost yields and quality, comprehensive evaluations of the phytochemical and nutritional profiles of LS-treated pitayas remain limited. Future studies should elucidate how increased fruit mass under LS conditions translates to proportional gains in bioactive compounds, providing valuable insights for producers and researchers aiming to refine pitaya production practices
Evaluating the nutritional and bioactive composition of grape, jaboticaba, and hibiscus by-product flours as potential ingredients for the food industry
(2025) Oliveira, Maria Olivia dos Santos; Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; Pereira, Julião; Macena, Mariana Alencar da; Morais, Rômulo Alves; Martins, Glêndara Aparecida de Souza; Asquieri, Eduardo Ramirez
Grapes, jaboticaba, and hibiscus are renowned for their antioxidant properties, which contribute significantly to human health. However, after industrial processing, their peel and seeds are often discarded as waste, representing up to 50% of the raw material. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and nutritional composition, mineral, carbohydrates, organic acids, and phenolic profile, in addition to assessing the anti-nutritional compounds, phytochemical, and volatile compounds present in flours made from the peels and seeds of grapes, jaboticaba, and hibiscus. Moisture content ranged from 8.24 to 14.86 g/100 g, with low water activity (0.29–0.56) ensuring extended shelf life. Hibiscus flours were particularly rich in protein, providing up to 31.18% of the recommended daily intake. Grape seed oil stood out for its high unsaturated fatty acid content, while the ash content (up to 9.28 g/100 g) suggests potential for mineral fortification. Key minerals included nitrogen (658–2327 mg/100 g), potassium (480–2080 mg/100 g), and iron (4.92–15.67 mg/100 g) especially abundant in hibiscus flour, highlighting its potential in combating anemia. Phytochemical analysis revealed high levels of carotenoids and flavonoids, known for their antioxidant properties, along with significant anthocyanin and tannin concentrations. Finally, phenolic compounds, such as catechin and gallic acid, were widely detected, with emphasis on catechin in grape peel flours (149.30 mg/100 g) and ellagic acid in jaboticaba peel flours (41.40 mg/100 g), known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The results suggest that grape, jaboticaba, and hibiscus byproduct flours offer substantial nutritional and functional benefits, with promising applications in food industries.
Proteomic and metabolomic profiling reveals peel- and pulp-specific molecular regulation during fruit development of Selenicereus megalanthus
(2026) Silva, Luíz Guilherme Malaquias da; Costa, Carlos Alexandre Rocha da; Souza, Lorrane Ribeiro de; Valadare, Rafael Borges da Silva; Nascimento, Sidney Vasconcelos do; Cavalcante, Alice de Paula de Sousa; Nahon, Sayure Mariana Raad; Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; Pio, Leila Aparecida Salles; Vilas Boas, Eduardo Valério de Barros; Carvalho, Elisângela Elena Nunes
Fruit ripening involves coordinated metabolic and molecular changes that shape quality traits, yet tissue-specific regulation in Selenicereus megalanthus remains unclear. Fruit development in S. megalanthus was investigated through an integrated analysis of pulp and peel across five developmental stages to elucidate tissue-specific metabolic and molecular regulatory dynamics. Proteomic profiling combined with targeted metabolomic analyses of sugars and phenolic compounds, multivariate statistics, and protein–protein interaction analysis was applied. A total of 411 proteins were identified in the pulp and 812 in the peel, of which 255 and 362 proteins, respectively, showed significant differential accumulation across development (p < 0.05), indicating higher regulatory plasticity in the peel. Multivariate analyses revealed clear stage-dependent reorganization of the proteome in both tissues. Functional annotation highlighted coordinated modulation of pathways related to cell wall remodeling, carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant and detoxification systems, protein folding, and myo-inositol biosynthesis, directly associated with fruit texture and quality attributes. Metabolomic analyses revealed progressive sugar accumulation during ripening, with sucrose predominating at advanced stages, and pronounced tissue- and stage-dependent modulation of phenolic compounds, characterized by early enrichment in the pulp and sustained accumulation in the peel. Overall, these results demonstrate that yellow pitaya development involves tightly coordinated biochemical and regulatory mechanisms and identify the peel as a metabolically active tissue with relevance for postharvest management, fruit quality, and sustainable horticultural valorization.
Physicochemical characterization and OECD-guided toxicological evaluation of a beer extract supplemented with Monascus ruber-fermented Rice
(2026) Souza, Tainá Francisca Cordeiro de; Cunha, Luiz Carlos da; Oliveira Neto, Jerônimo Raimundo de; Melo, Michele Paula de; Vilas Boas, Anyelle Teixeira; Briceno, Julio Cesar Colivet; Vendruscolo, Francielo
This study investigated the physicochemical characteristics and performed an initial toxicological evaluation of a freeze-dried beer extract supplemented with Monascus ruber-fermented rice (BEMR). Two Pilsner-style beers were produced and characterized according to European Brewery Convention (EBC) analytical methods, including pH, density, bitterness, and color measurements (SRM and CIELAB). The freeze-dried extract was subsequently evaluated in Wistar rats using acute (OECD Test Guideline 423) and repeated-dose 28-day oral toxicity (OECD Test Guideline 407) protocols. No mortality, treatment-related clinical signs, or gross organ abnormalities were observed following acute administration up to 2000 mg/kg or repeated oral administration up to 1000 mg/kg/ day. Hepatic, renal, and hematological parameters remained largely within physiological ranges throughout the study. Treated animals exhibited reduced body-weight gain without significant changes in feed or water intake. Modest increases in serum creatinine and reductions in creatine kinase activity were observed in the absence of corresponding clinical or pathological findings. Physicochemical analyses confirmed that incorporation of Monascus-fermented rice markedly modified beer color while maintaining the principal brewing parameters within acceptable ranges for the beer style. Under the experimental conditions evaluated, BEMR was well tolerated in both acute and repeated-dose toxicity screening assays. The biological significance of the observed physiological responses remains to be clarified through additional studies incorporating targeted chemical characterization (e.g., citrinin and monacolin contents), histopathological evaluation, and longer-term repeateddose investigations.
Physical frailty transitions in patients with CKD: instability and limited impact on adverse health outcomes
(2025) Oliveira, Samara Vieira de; Rodrigues, Hellen Christina Neves; Sousa, Amanda Goulart de Oliveira; Santos, Mariana Ferreira dos; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Schincaglia, Raquel Machado; Costa, Nara Aline
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between frailty transitions and the development of health outcomes in patients with non-dialysis CKD. Methods Prospective longitudinal study that included individuals with CKD stages 3b to 5, on non-dialysis treatment, aged≥18 years and of both sexes. Clinical, demographic and laboratory data were collected and frailty was assessed using the physical phenotype tool. Individuals with ≥3 points were considered frail, 1 to 2 points as pre-frail and 0 points as robust. To assess the frailty transition, the scale was applied at the time of study entry (M0) and after 14 months (M1). Subsequently, individuals were classified into three groups: improvement, maintenance or worsening of frailty. Patients were followed for 18 months to verify outcomes. Results Ninety-five patients were included, with a median age of 63 (55–71) years, 56.8% were male. At M0, 25% (n:24) had physical frailty, 63% (n:60) were pre-frail and 12% (n:11) were robust. Approximately 56% (n:53) of the participants maintained their frailty status, 23% (n:22) had improvement and 21% (n:20) had a decline. There was no association between the transition of frailty and hospitalization (p=0.777), entry into dialysis (p=0.781), mortality (p=0.430) and combined outcomes (p=0.534). Conclusions We did not observe an association between the transition of frailty and the health outcomes evaluated. Transition between states of physical frailty occurred in most individuals with CKD, suggesting that the condition is unstable even over a short period of time and can be severe even in young adults.
Single nucleotide polymorphism SULT2A1 rs4149448 and genetic risk score as biomarkers of frailty and progression of chronic kidney disease
(2025) Rodrigues, Hellen Christina Neves; Freitas, Ana Tereza Vaz de Souza; Peixoto, Maria do Rosário Gondim; Horst, Maria Aderuza; Costa, Nara Aline
Background: Frailty is a multifactorial condition highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), increasing with disease progression. Identifying genetic determinants associated with frailty may aid in risk stratification. We aimed to identify whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), individually or combined into a genetic risk score (GRS), are associated with the frailty phenotype and adverse clinical outcomes in CKD patients. Methods: This is a longitudinal study that evaluated patients with CKD 3b-5 non-dialysis dependent [69 (57–72) years; 59,1 % men; body mass index, 27.2 ± 5.3 kg/m2 ]. Clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical variables, including 25(OH)D concentration, were evaluated. Eight SNPs associated with low vitamin D levels were genotyped using qPCR. The genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated by summing the number of risk alleles for vitamin D deficiency across the SNPs, resulting in values ranging from 0 to 16. Frailty was assessed using the physical frailty phenotype. The outcomes considered were non-elective hospitalization and changes in CKD stage. Results: Around 36 % of patients were frail, and 68 % had 25(OH)D levels below 20 ng/mL and were considered deficient. The higher GRS [9 (7–10) versus 6 (5–7); p = 0.034] occurred in patients who developed CKD progression. After the adjusted logistic regression analysis, the SULT2A1 genotype of rs4149448 was associated with a greater chance of frailty (OR: 8.8 IC95% 1.048–74.733; p = 0.045). Conclusion: Specific genetic variants, including a higher GRS and the SNP SULT2A1 rs4149448 genotype, were associated with CKD progression and frailty, suggesting their potential role in risk stratification.
Interaction between dietary fiber intake and MTNR1B rs10830963 polymorphism on glycemic profiles in young Brazilian adults
(2025) Lima, Ana Carolina da Silva; Cruvinel, Nathália Teixeira; Silva, Nara Rubia da; Mendes, Marcela Moraes; Duarte, Amélia Cristina Stival; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Vimaleswaran, Karani Santhanakrishnan; Horst, Maria Aderuza
The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs10830963 in the melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) gene influences insulin secretion and glucose metabolism and has been associated with an increased risk of type-2 diabetes. This study aimed to explore the interaction between dietary intake and the MTNR1B rs10830963 polymorphism on glycemic profiles in young Brazilian adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed 200 healthy young adults (19–24 years), evaluating the MTNR1B rs10830963 genotype, anthropometric parameters, glycemic markers (fasting insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β), and dietary intake via three 24 h dietary recalls. Genotype–diet interactions were tested using multivariate linear regression models adjusted for confounders. Results: The carriers of the G allele exhibited a positive association with fasting insulin levels (p = 0.003), insulin/glucose ratio (p = 0.004), HOMA-IR (p = 0.003), and HOMA-β (p = 0.018). Energy-adjusted fiber intake showed a significant genotype-specific interaction only in carriers of the G allele, where higher dietary fiber intake was significantly associated with lower fasting insulin (pinteraction = 0.034) and HOMA-IR (pinteraction = 0.028). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the MTNR1B rs10830963 polymorphism is associated with glycemic markers, and dietary fiber intake may attenuate the adverse effects of the MTNR1B rs10830963 G allele on glycemic profiles in young Brazilian adults. This highlights the potential role of fiber in improving health outcomes for individuals carrying this risk allele. To validate these results and assess the broader implications for the Brazilian population, further intervention studies and larger-scale research are essential.
Intake of S-Methylmethionine alters glucose metabolism and hepatic gene expression in C57BL/6J high-fat-fed mice
(2025) Egea, Mariana Buranelo; Pierce, Gavin; Shay, Neil
A diet containing foods that are sources of S-methylmethionine (SMM), and its use as a dietary supplement, have demonstrated beneficial health effects. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the inclusion of SMM as a dietary supplement in C57BL/6J high-fat-fed mice to verify whether this compound alone would be responsible for these positive effects. Mice were divided into three groups: LF (low-fat diet), HF (high-fat diet), and HF+SMM (high-fat diet plus SMM), and maintained for 10 weeks with water and food provided ad libitum. Body weight and food intake were measured weekly, and food efficiency was calculated. In addition, at week 9, fasting glucose was measured and, after necropsy, at week 10, liver, inguinal adipose, and kidney weights were measured; triglycerides, histology, liver gene expression, serum insulin, and MCP-1 levels were also determined. Final body weight, average weight gain, and the liver/body weight of the SMM group showed a significant difference with the LF group. HF+SMM-fed mice show improved regulation in glucose metabolism, demonstrated by the assessment of fasting glucose, insulin concentration, and HOMA-IR, compared with the HF-fed group. Liver triglycerides and MCP-1 levels showed no significant differences between fed groups. By the positive gene regulation of Sult1e1, Phlda1, and Ciart, we hypothesized that SMM administration to mice may have regulated xenobiotic, glucose, and circadian rhythm pathways.

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