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Effect of light supplementation on pitaya productivity and quality during the off-season
(2025) Silva, Luíz Guilherme Malaquias da; Costa, Carlos Alexandre Rocha da; Batista, Giovanni Aleixo; Amorim, Katiúcia Alves; Abreu, Danilo José Machado de; Rodrigues, Luiz José; Pio, Leila Aparecida Salles; Vilas Boas, Eduardo Valério de Barros; Carvalho, Elisangela Elena Nunes
Recent taxonomic updates confirm Selenicereus as a valid genus, replacing older nomenclature such as Cereus megalanthus, Mediocactus megalanthus, and Hylocereus. Despite pitaya's adaptability to hot and humid climates, flowering and fruit development are strongly influenced by environmental factors such as photoperiod and temperature. Critical photoperiods, especially those falling below 12 h of daylight in higher latitudes, can inhibit flowering. Nighttime light supplementation (LS) has emerged as a key approach to overcoming these limitations, demonstrating considerable potential for inducing or enhancing flowering during off-season periods. Studies show that LS using LEDs substantially increases fruit yield by up to 44%, pulp mass by 35%, and soluble solid content by 18% in certain cultivars. Hormonal changes—including elevated cytokinin, gibberellin, auxin, and other phytohormones—have been observed, correlating with improved floral bud formation and subsequent fruit quality. Furthermore, LS has been associated with increases of up to 25% in total phenolics and 30% in carotenoids, reinforcing the nutritional and sensory attributes of pitaya. Pitaya's intraspecific variability also underlines the importance of investigating genetic, agronomic, and biochemical factors to optimize production and meet the growing consumer demand for high-quality fruit. Although the current body of research highlights LS as a promising means to boost yields and quality, comprehensive evaluations of the phytochemical and nutritional profiles of LS-treated pitayas remain limited. Future studies should elucidate how increased fruit mass under LS conditions translates to proportional gains in bioactive compounds, providing valuable insights for producers and researchers aiming to refine pitaya production practices
Evaluating the nutritional and bioactive composition of grape, jaboticaba, and hibiscus by-product flours as potential ingredients for the food industry
(2025) Oliveira, Maria Olivia dos Santos; Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; Pereira, Julião; Macena, Mariana Alencar da; Morais, Rômulo Alves; Martins, Glêndara Aparecida de Souza; Asquieri, Eduardo Ramirez
Grapes, jaboticaba, and hibiscus are renowned for their antioxidant properties, which contribute significantly to human health. However, after industrial processing, their peel and seeds are often discarded as waste, representing up to 50% of the raw material. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and nutritional composition, mineral, carbohydrates, organic acids, and phenolic profile, in addition to assessing the anti-nutritional compounds, phytochemical, and volatile compounds present in flours made from the peels and seeds of grapes, jaboticaba, and hibiscus. Moisture content ranged from 8.24 to 14.86 g/100 g, with low water activity (0.29–0.56) ensuring extended shelf life. Hibiscus flours were particularly rich in protein, providing up to 31.18% of the recommended daily intake. Grape seed oil stood out for its high unsaturated fatty acid content, while the ash content (up to 9.28 g/100 g) suggests potential for mineral fortification. Key minerals included nitrogen (658–2327 mg/100 g), potassium (480–2080 mg/100 g), and iron (4.92–15.67 mg/100 g) especially abundant in hibiscus flour, highlighting its potential in combating anemia. Phytochemical analysis revealed high levels of carotenoids and flavonoids, known for their antioxidant properties, along with significant anthocyanin and tannin concentrations. Finally, phenolic compounds, such as catechin and gallic acid, were widely detected, with emphasis on catechin in grape peel flours (149.30 mg/100 g) and ellagic acid in jaboticaba peel flours (41.40 mg/100 g), known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The results suggest that grape, jaboticaba, and hibiscus byproduct flours offer substantial nutritional and functional benefits, with promising applications in food industries.
Proteomic and metabolomic profiling reveals peel- and pulp-specific molecular regulation during fruit development of Selenicereus megalanthus
(2026) Silva, Luíz Guilherme Malaquias da; Costa, Carlos Alexandre Rocha da; Souza, Lorrane Ribeiro de; Valadare, Rafael Borges da Silva; Nascimento, Sidney Vasconcelos do; Cavalcante, Alice de Paula de Sousa; Nahon, Sayure Mariana Raad; Castiglioni, Gabriel Luis; Pio, Leila Aparecida Salles; Vilas Boas, Eduardo Valério de Barros; Carvalho, Elisângela Elena Nunes
Fruit ripening involves coordinated metabolic and molecular changes that shape quality traits, yet tissue-specific regulation in Selenicereus megalanthus remains unclear. Fruit development in S. megalanthus was investigated through an integrated analysis of pulp and peel across five developmental stages to elucidate tissue-specific metabolic and molecular regulatory dynamics. Proteomic profiling combined with targeted metabolomic analyses of sugars and phenolic compounds, multivariate statistics, and protein–protein interaction analysis was applied. A total of 411 proteins were identified in the pulp and 812 in the peel, of which 255 and 362 proteins, respectively, showed significant differential accumulation across development (p < 0.05), indicating higher regulatory plasticity in the peel. Multivariate analyses revealed clear stage-dependent reorganization of the proteome in both tissues. Functional annotation highlighted coordinated modulation of pathways related to cell wall remodeling, carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant and detoxification systems, protein folding, and myo-inositol biosynthesis, directly associated with fruit texture and quality attributes. Metabolomic analyses revealed progressive sugar accumulation during ripening, with sucrose predominating at advanced stages, and pronounced tissue- and stage-dependent modulation of phenolic compounds, characterized by early enrichment in the pulp and sustained accumulation in the peel. Overall, these results demonstrate that yellow pitaya development involves tightly coordinated biochemical and regulatory mechanisms and identify the peel as a metabolically active tissue with relevance for postharvest management, fruit quality, and sustainable horticultural valorization.
Physicochemical characterization and OECD-guided toxicological evaluation of a beer extract supplemented with Monascus ruber-fermented Rice
(2026) Souza, Tainá Francisca Cordeiro de; Cunha, Luiz Carlos da; Oliveira Neto, Jerônimo Raimundo de; Melo, Michele Paula de; Vilas Boas, Anyelle Teixeira; Briceno, Julio Cesar Colivet; Vendruscolo, Francielo
This study investigated the physicochemical characteristics and performed an initial toxicological evaluation of a freeze-dried beer extract supplemented with Monascus ruber-fermented rice (BEMR). Two Pilsner-style beers were produced and characterized according to European Brewery Convention (EBC) analytical methods, including pH, density, bitterness, and color measurements (SRM and CIELAB). The freeze-dried extract was subsequently evaluated in Wistar rats using acute (OECD Test Guideline 423) and repeated-dose 28-day oral toxicity (OECD Test Guideline 407) protocols. No mortality, treatment-related clinical signs, or gross organ abnormalities were observed following acute administration up to 2000 mg/kg or repeated oral administration up to 1000 mg/kg/ day. Hepatic, renal, and hematological parameters remained largely within physiological ranges throughout the study. Treated animals exhibited reduced body-weight gain without significant changes in feed or water intake. Modest increases in serum creatinine and reductions in creatine kinase activity were observed in the absence of corresponding clinical or pathological findings. Physicochemical analyses confirmed that incorporation of Monascus-fermented rice markedly modified beer color while maintaining the principal brewing parameters within acceptable ranges for the beer style. Under the experimental conditions evaluated, BEMR was well tolerated in both acute and repeated-dose toxicity screening assays. The biological significance of the observed physiological responses remains to be clarified through additional studies incorporating targeted chemical characterization (e.g., citrinin and monacolin contents), histopathological evaluation, and longer-term repeateddose investigations.
Physical frailty transitions in patients with CKD: instability and limited impact on adverse health outcomes
(2025) Oliveira, Samara Vieira de; Rodrigues, Hellen Christina Neves; Sousa, Amanda Goulart de Oliveira; Santos, Mariana Ferreira dos; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Schincaglia, Raquel Machado; Costa, Nara Aline
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between frailty transitions and the development of health outcomes in patients with non-dialysis CKD. Methods Prospective longitudinal study that included individuals with CKD stages 3b to 5, on non-dialysis treatment, aged≥18 years and of both sexes. Clinical, demographic and laboratory data were collected and frailty was assessed using the physical phenotype tool. Individuals with ≥3 points were considered frail, 1 to 2 points as pre-frail and 0 points as robust. To assess the frailty transition, the scale was applied at the time of study entry (M0) and after 14 months (M1). Subsequently, individuals were classified into three groups: improvement, maintenance or worsening of frailty. Patients were followed for 18 months to verify outcomes. Results Ninety-five patients were included, with a median age of 63 (55–71) years, 56.8% were male. At M0, 25% (n:24) had physical frailty, 63% (n:60) were pre-frail and 12% (n:11) were robust. Approximately 56% (n:53) of the participants maintained their frailty status, 23% (n:22) had improvement and 21% (n:20) had a decline. There was no association between the transition of frailty and hospitalization (p=0.777), entry into dialysis (p=0.781), mortality (p=0.430) and combined outcomes (p=0.534). Conclusions We did not observe an association between the transition of frailty and the health outcomes evaluated. Transition between states of physical frailty occurred in most individuals with CKD, suggesting that the condition is unstable even over a short period of time and can be severe even in young adults.
Single nucleotide polymorphism SULT2A1 rs4149448 and genetic risk score as biomarkers of frailty and progression of chronic kidney disease
(2025) Rodrigues, Hellen Christina Neves; Freitas, Ana Tereza Vaz de Souza; Peixoto, Maria do Rosário Gondim; Horst, Maria Aderuza; Costa, Nara Aline
Background: Frailty is a multifactorial condition highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), increasing with disease progression. Identifying genetic determinants associated with frailty may aid in risk stratification. We aimed to identify whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), individually or combined into a genetic risk score (GRS), are associated with the frailty phenotype and adverse clinical outcomes in CKD patients. Methods: This is a longitudinal study that evaluated patients with CKD 3b-5 non-dialysis dependent [69 (57–72) years; 59,1 % men; body mass index, 27.2 ± 5.3 kg/m2 ]. Clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical variables, including 25(OH)D concentration, were evaluated. Eight SNPs associated with low vitamin D levels were genotyped using qPCR. The genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated by summing the number of risk alleles for vitamin D deficiency across the SNPs, resulting in values ranging from 0 to 16. Frailty was assessed using the physical frailty phenotype. The outcomes considered were non-elective hospitalization and changes in CKD stage. Results: Around 36 % of patients were frail, and 68 % had 25(OH)D levels below 20 ng/mL and were considered deficient. The higher GRS [9 (7–10) versus 6 (5–7); p = 0.034] occurred in patients who developed CKD progression. After the adjusted logistic regression analysis, the SULT2A1 genotype of rs4149448 was associated with a greater chance of frailty (OR: 8.8 IC95% 1.048–74.733; p = 0.045). Conclusion: Specific genetic variants, including a higher GRS and the SNP SULT2A1 rs4149448 genotype, were associated with CKD progression and frailty, suggesting their potential role in risk stratification.
Interaction between dietary fiber intake and MTNR1B rs10830963 polymorphism on glycemic profiles in young Brazilian adults
(2025) Lima, Ana Carolina da Silva; Cruvinel, Nathália Teixeira; Silva, Nara Rubia da; Mendes, Marcela Moraes; Duarte, Amélia Cristina Stival; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Vimaleswaran, Karani Santhanakrishnan; Horst, Maria Aderuza
The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs10830963 in the melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) gene influences insulin secretion and glucose metabolism and has been associated with an increased risk of type-2 diabetes. This study aimed to explore the interaction between dietary intake and the MTNR1B rs10830963 polymorphism on glycemic profiles in young Brazilian adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed 200 healthy young adults (19–24 years), evaluating the MTNR1B rs10830963 genotype, anthropometric parameters, glycemic markers (fasting insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β), and dietary intake via three 24 h dietary recalls. Genotype–diet interactions were tested using multivariate linear regression models adjusted for confounders. Results: The carriers of the G allele exhibited a positive association with fasting insulin levels (p = 0.003), insulin/glucose ratio (p = 0.004), HOMA-IR (p = 0.003), and HOMA-β (p = 0.018). Energy-adjusted fiber intake showed a significant genotype-specific interaction only in carriers of the G allele, where higher dietary fiber intake was significantly associated with lower fasting insulin (pinteraction = 0.034) and HOMA-IR (pinteraction = 0.028). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the MTNR1B rs10830963 polymorphism is associated with glycemic markers, and dietary fiber intake may attenuate the adverse effects of the MTNR1B rs10830963 G allele on glycemic profiles in young Brazilian adults. This highlights the potential role of fiber in improving health outcomes for individuals carrying this risk allele. To validate these results and assess the broader implications for the Brazilian population, further intervention studies and larger-scale research are essential.
Intake of S-Methylmethionine alters glucose metabolism and hepatic gene expression in C57BL/6J high-fat-fed mice
(2025) Egea, Mariana Buranelo; Pierce, Gavin; Shay, Neil
A diet containing foods that are sources of S-methylmethionine (SMM), and its use as a dietary supplement, have demonstrated beneficial health effects. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the inclusion of SMM as a dietary supplement in C57BL/6J high-fat-fed mice to verify whether this compound alone would be responsible for these positive effects. Mice were divided into three groups: LF (low-fat diet), HF (high-fat diet), and HF+SMM (high-fat diet plus SMM), and maintained for 10 weeks with water and food provided ad libitum. Body weight and food intake were measured weekly, and food efficiency was calculated. In addition, at week 9, fasting glucose was measured and, after necropsy, at week 10, liver, inguinal adipose, and kidney weights were measured; triglycerides, histology, liver gene expression, serum insulin, and MCP-1 levels were also determined. Final body weight, average weight gain, and the liver/body weight of the SMM group showed a significant difference with the LF group. HF+SMM-fed mice show improved regulation in glucose metabolism, demonstrated by the assessment of fasting glucose, insulin concentration, and HOMA-IR, compared with the HF-fed group. Liver triglycerides and MCP-1 levels showed no significant differences between fed groups. By the positive gene regulation of Sult1e1, Phlda1, and Ciart, we hypothesized that SMM administration to mice may have regulated xenobiotic, glucose, and circadian rhythm pathways.
Bioactive peptides and protein hydrolysates from food proteins in biopolymer films: a comprehensive review on innovations in food preservation
(2025-03) Cabassa, Isabelly de Campos Carvalho; Oliveira Filho, Josemar Gonçalves de; Silva, Blendo Almeida da; Barreto, Helton Patrick Monteiro; Silva, Kariny Pereira da; Pauli, Eliana Rosália; Alves, Vânia Maria; Egea, Mariana Buranelo
Conventional packaging materials are problematic due to their adverse environmental impact. The food industry is seeking more sustainable alternatives, such as biodegradable packaging, which offers barriers against gases and moisture and has antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Bioactive peptides from animal and plant sources are promising for developing active food films. Given the potential of bioactive peptides as bioactive agents in packaging applications, this article aimed to review the current research on applying bioactive peptides generated from food proteins to develop new active food packaging materials. Incorporating bioactive peptides obtained from different food protein sources as active agents in biopolymeric films has proven to be a promising strategy for producing films with excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The developed films can improve oxidative and microbial stabilities, especially for meat products such as sole fillet, smoked pork ham, pork loin, fish carcass, salmon, etc. Furthermore, adding these peptides and protein hydrolysates has been demonstrated to improve some physical properties of films, such as barrier to UV light and thermal stability. In contrast, it can negatively affect others, such as mechanical and water-related properties. However, some studies have suggested using nanoreinforcements to minimize the impact of these compounds on these properties. Therefore, bioactive peptides obtained from different sources of food proteins have a high potential for developing new active packaging materials for foods.
Smart and mechanically enhanced zein-gelatin films incorporating cellulose nanocrystals and alizarin for fish spoilage monitoring
(2025) Sentanin, Leonardo; Oliveira Filho, Josemar Gonçalves de; Egea, Mariana Buranelo; Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli
The shelf life of perishable foods is traditionally determined by microbiological, chemical, and sensory analyses, which are well-established and reliable. However, these methods can be time-consuming and resource-intensive, and they may not fully account for unexpected storage deviations, such as temperature fluctuations or equipment failures. Smart films emerge as a promising alternative, enabling rapid, visual, and low-cost food quality monitoring. This study developed smart films based on zein/gelatin/cellulose nanocrystals (Z/G/CNC) functionalized with alizarin (AL, 0–3% w/w), produced by casting (12.5% zein, 12.5% gelatin, and 5% CNC w/w). The films were characterized for morphological, physicochemical, thermal, and spectroscopic properties, chromatic response at pH 3–11, activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and applicability in monitoring Merluccid hake fillets. The incorporation of AL reduced water solubility, increased water vapor permeability and contact angle, imparted a more intense orange coloration, and improved thermal resistance. AL also increased thickness and elongation at break while reducing tensile strength and Young’s modulus. All films exhibited excellent UV-blocking capacity (<1% transmittance). Noticeable color changes were observed, with the Z/G/CNC/AL1 film being the most sensitive to pH variations. During Merluccid hake storage, ΔE values exceeded 3 within 72 h, with a color change from orange to purple, correlating with fillet pH (8.14) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) (24.73 mg/100 g). These findings demonstrate the potential of the developed films as biodegradable sensors for smart packaging of perishable foods.
Volatile compound dynamics during ripening of marmelada bola and curriola assessed by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
(2025) Tomás, Maria da Graça; Costa, Carlos Alexandre Rocha da; Silva, Luíz Guilherme Malaquias da; Barros, Hanna Elisia Araújo de; Natarelli, Caio Vinicius Lima; Carvalho, Elisângela Elena Nunes; Takeuchi, Katiuchia Pereira; Silva, Flávia Matias Oliveira da; Vilas Boas, Eduardo Valério de Barros; Lobo, Francisco de Almeida
The fruits of marmelada bola (Alibertia edulis) and curriola (Pouteria ramiflora) from the Brazilian Cerrado exhibit distinct flavors and aromas. However, the mechanisms underlying aroma development during ripening are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify and monitor changes in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three ripening stages, i.e., mature green (MG), half-ripe (HR), and fully ripe (FR), using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Three fibers were tested. Polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) extracted the highest number of VOCs from both fruits. Sixteen compounds were identified in marmelada bola and 15 in curriola. Esters were the predominant chemical class, followed by alcohols in marmelada bola and terpenoids in curriola. VOCs levels generally increased with ripening, especially esters and aldehydes such as methyl hexanoate and 2-dodecenal in marmelada bola, and ethyl hexanoate and ethyl octanoate in curriola. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis confirmed the changes in the volatile profile across ripening stages and highlighted the superior efficiency of PDMS/DVB fiber. Some compounds were only detected at specific ripening stages, suggesting their potential as ripeness markers. These results contribute to understanding the biochemical basis of aroma formation in native Cerrado fruits and may support their valorization in the food industry.
Anti-obesogenic and antioxidant potential of lychee seed flour in zebrafish fed a high-fat diet
(2025) Oliveira, João Paulo Lima de; Carneiro, William Franco; Silva, Kiara Cândido Duarte da; Martins, Moises Silvestre de Azevedo; Machado, Gilson Gustavo Lucinda; Nogueira, Leonardo Abrahão; Varaschin, Mary Suzan; Vilas Boas, Eduardo Valério de Barros; Murgas, Luis David Solis; Carvalho, Elisângela Elena Nunes
Objective Obesity has become one of the major public health issues and is associated with various comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Lychee seeds are considered promising ingredients for developing functional foods owing to their nutraceutical properties and phytochemical composition. This study aimed to induce obesity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) through a hyperlipidic diet supplemented with different concentrations of lychee seed flour and to evaluate its effects on adipose tissue, biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, and caudal fin regeneration. Methods A total of 200 adult zebrafish were u anded and divided into five experimental groups: control, hyperlipidic diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with 2%, 4%, and 6% lychee seed flour. After 12 wk of feeding, biochemical parameters (glycemia, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-HDL, aspartate aminotransferase-AST, alanine aminotransferase-ALT, and cortisol) and oxidative stress biomarkers, such as Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST), Glutathione (GSH), and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), were evaluated. Results The results showed that the HFD4% group exhibited a significant reduction in the diameter of visceral adipocytes compared with the control, HFD, and HFD2% groups. There was a higher prevalence of severe steatosis in the control and HFD groups and mild steatosis in the HFD6% group. The HFD4% and HFD6% groups had the lowest glycemic levels, whereas the HFD6% group had the highest HDL levels. Supplementation with lychee seed flour also positively modulated oxidative stress biomarkers, with increased CAT and GST activity in the HFD6% group and reduced ROS in the HFD4% and HFD6% groups compared with the HFD group. Conclusion It was concluded that adding 4 to 6% lychee seed flour may have beneficial effects on biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers in HFD-fed zebrafish. The results indicate that lychee seed flour shows promise for use in foods and supplements targeting obesity prevention and management.
Recent advances in kefiran polymer to produce nanofibers and films for food packaging applications
(2025-05) Oliveira Filho, Josemar Gonçalves de; Duarte, Larissa Graziele Rauber; Belo, Lúcio; Souza, Tainá Francisca Cordeiro de; Bitencourt, Ana Helena Fogaça; Yamim, Samira Tosatti; Egea, Mariana Buranelo
This review aims to analyze the state of the art in using kefiran as a biopolymer to produce films and nanofibers for applications in food packaging. Due to the non-biodegradability of plastic food packaging and the problems associated with its use and disposal, more environmentally friendly alternatives have been studied. Biopolymers of plant, animal, and microbial origin have been studied as possible replacements for plastic packaging due to their biodegradable nature. In this context, microbial exopolysaccharides have gained prominence. Once the best cultivation conditions have been established, the molecules produced present consistent chemical and physical characteristics, generally superior to those of other natural biopolymers of plant and animal origin. Among these microbial exopolysaccharides, kefiran, a polysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus species in the microbiota of kefir biomass, has aroused interest in the scientific community due to its bioactive properties, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, in addition to its biocompatibility and film-forming capacity and nanofibers.
Does nutritional labeling of commercial products for closed-system enteral nutrition deliver all the necessary information to your consumers?
(2025-05) Oliveira Junior, Valtemir Paula de; Fernandes, Sibele Santos; Egea, Mariana Buranelo
In the last decades, guidelines have emerged worldwide seeking to introduce strategies to help consumers in their purchasing decisions, aiming to create quality labels that facilitate interpreting information to the consumer. Nutrition labeling is essential for consumers to obtain information about the product, facilitating the identification and selection of appropriate foods for their diet. Therefore, due to the nutritional importance of enteral formulas associated with the safety of the information contained on the label of these products, the objective of this study was to evaluate the closed-system enteral formulas of different commercial brands and to verify the adequacy of the labeling together with the current Brazilian legislation. Twenty-eight enteral formulas from 4 brands (A, B, C, and D) were analyzed with different indications for use. The components evaluated were macronutrients (dietary fiber, proteins, and lipids), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), and allergens. The brands of enteral formulas analyzed presented at least one item outside of legislation, mainly micronutrients (folic acid, biotin, pantothenic acid, vitamin A, choline, vitamin D, sodium, chromium, iron, magnesium, manganese, calcium, zinc, and copper) that were for the most part, above the values recommended by legislation. Among the macronutrients (proteins, lipids, and dietary fibers) some samples showed discrepancies in values compared to legislation. Brand C enteral formulas were generally less suitable for transmitting information to consumers. Because of this, the responsible bodies' monitoring of the labeling is important, informing the consumer of the quality and suitability of that product for their diet.
Organics acids in aquaculture: a bibliometric analysis
(2025) Melo, Gidelia Araujo Ferreira de; Costa, Adriano Carvalho; Pierozan, Matheus Barp; Souza, Alene Santos; Lima, Lessandro do Carmo; Kretschmer, Vitória de Vasconcelos; Cappato, Leandro Pereira; Oliveira, Elias Marques de; Reis Neto, Rafael Vilhena; Nuvunga, Joel Jorge; Egea, Mariana Buranelo
Fish production faces various challenges throughout its cycle, from rearing to consumption. Organic acids have emerged as an effective fish feed and meat treatment solution. They promote health and well-being, control pathogens, improve digestion, and contribute to food preservation. This study was therefore carried out to evaluate the evolution of publications on the use of organic acids in aquaculture over time, identifying the leading journals, authors, countries, and relevant organizations associated with the publications and determining the keywords most used in publications and research trends on this type of accommodation using bibliometric analysis. For this analysis, the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases were used, with the keywords and Boolean operators “organic acid*” AND (“pathogens” OR “microorganism*” OR “bacteria” OR “fungi”) AND (“fish” OR “fry” OR “pisciculture”). Ninety-six articles were found in 44 journals, with the participation of 426 authors and 188 institutions, from 1995 to 2024. The most crucial publication source with the highest impact factor was the journal Aquaculture, with 14 articles, 2 of which were written by the most relevant author, Koh C., who received the highest number of citations and had the highest impact factor among the 426 authors. China had the most scientific production, with 26 publications on organic acids in aquaculture. However, Malaysia was the country that published the most cited documents, a total of 386. The most relevant affiliation was the University of Sains Malaysia, which participated in the publication of eight articles. The 10 most frequent keywords were fish, organic acids, citric acid, article, bacteria, growth, microorganisms, Oncorhynchus mykiss, animals, and digestibility. The results indicate increased publications on the benefits of using organic acids in aquaculture, highlighting their effectiveness as antibacterial agents and promoters of zootechnical development. However, gaps still require more in-depth research into the ideal dosages, mechanisms of action, and long-term impacts of these compounds.
Active edible coating for lipid oxidation control in Brazil nuts
(2025) Silva, Jessyca Pinheiro da; Cabassa, Isabelly Campos Carvalho de; Sousa, Tainara Leal de; Costa, Danusa Silva da; Dall'Oglio, Evandro Luiz; Vasconcelos, Leonardo Gomes de; Placido, Geovana Rocha; Egea, Mariana Buranelo; Takeuchi, Katiuchia Pereira
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding a lipid antioxidant (tocopherol) and a surfactant (soy lecithin) to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films. CMC film-forming solutions containing sorbitol, soy lecithin, and different tocopherol concentrations (0.125% and 0.250% tocopherol mix) were produced. The solutions were characterized for their rheological, optical, antioxidant, phenolic content, and stability, and were then applied as edible coatings to whole and broken Brazil nuts. The mass gain and degree of lipid oxidation of the coated and control nuts were evaluated. Special emphasis has been given to the antioxidant properties of the solution, as they are decisive for the use of the solutions as a coating to prevent or retard lipid oxidation. The solutions had a pseudoplastic character; the viscosity varied as the temperature changed, and the modules G′ and G″ depended on the applied frequency ranges. The coated nuts showed oxidative stability against the T4 coating formulation during the storage period. It was concluded that the T4 coating has the potential to be used as active packaging for foods with a high lipid content to prevent or delay oxidation processes.
Effect of drying methods on the nutritional composition, technofunctional properties, and phytochemicals of kumquat (Fortunella margarita)
(2025-07) Fernandes, Sibele Santos; Peraza, Caroline Costa; Marasca, Natasha Spindola; Egea, Mariana Buranelo
Kumquat, originally from Asia, shares some characteristics with other citrus fruits, standing out for its more intense and aromatic flavor. Although it has a favorable chemical composition, its sensory and seasonal characteristics lead to low consumption. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize kumquat (Fortunella margarita) by different drying methods. Drying in the oven provided higher yield (>20 %) and greater influence on color, but lower lipid content (<0.5 %). Protein and fiber content did not show significant differences between the samples. The drying method directly influenced the technological and thermal properties. The preliminary results of the qualitative phytochemical screening showed that the whole kumquat contains more phytochemicals than the peel. This study showed that kumquat drying methods affect its technofunctional and bioactive properties, indicating its potential as an ingredient in food applications.
Molecular hydrogen generation from neat formic acid catalyzed by ruthenium-cymene α-diimine complexes
(2025) Prado, Cássio Roberto Arantes do; Santos, Lucas da Silva dos; Guimarães, Ellen Caroline; Tomaz, Lais Albino; Martins, Lucas Ferreira; Lião, Luciano Morais; Ueno, Leonardo Tsuyoshi; Carvalho Júnior, Valdemiro Pereira de; Carvalho, Alexandre Bizzotto de; Ellena, Javier Alcides
A series of half-sandwich ruthenium(II) complexes bearing substituted α-diimine ligands with the general formula [RuCl(p-cym)(N–Nn)](PF6) was synthesized (where n = 1–7; N–N1 = N1,N2-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)ethane-1,2-diimine,N–N2=N1,N2-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)ethane-1,2-diimine,N–N3=N1,N2-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)ethane-1,2-diimine,N–N4=N1,N2-bis[2,6-bis(propan-2-yl)phenyl]ethane-1,2-diimine,N–N5=N1,N2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)ethane-1,2-diimine,N–N6=N1,N2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane-1,2-diimine and N–N7=N1,N2-dicyclohexylethane-1,2-diimine). Ligands and complexes were fully characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, FTIR, UV–vis spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction for 2, 5, and 6.CH2Cl2. The complexes displayed a distorted pseudo-octahedral “piano-stool” geometry, with the α-diimine ligands coordinating in a bidentate manner. The p-cymene ring was observed to rotate around its bond to the metal, as evidenced by variable-temperature 1H NMR spectra and NOE measurements. DFT calculations were used to investigate the electronic structures of complexes 1–4, revealing how different substituents affect their stability and HOMO–LUMO energy gaps. Additionally, the most nucleophilic and electrophilic regions in the optimized structures were identified using the Hirshfeld charge method applied to the Fukui function. All complexes were evaluated as precatalysts in the solvent-free dehydrogenation of formic acid, in the presence of a Bro̷nsted–Lowry base, achieving up to 94.8% conversion in a first run and a maximum turnover frequency (TOF) of 627 h–1 under mild conditions (60 °C, 1:1204:843 molar ratio of Ru/FA/base). Total conversion and improvement in TOF values were observed in a subsequent run. A detailed mechanistic study combining kinetic data and DFT modeling supports a chloride displacement–initiated cycle involving a β-hydride elimination pathway for H2 and CO2 release. This methodology is consistent with the observed induction period and activation parameters (ΔG‡ = 24.5 kcal mol–1; ΔS‡ = +137 cal mol–1 K–1), and ΔH‡ = 70.3 kcal mol–1, which are in excellent agreement with Ea = 70.9 kcal mol–1). The catalytic activity was strongly influenced by both the electronic nature and steric hindrance of the α-diimine ligands, as well as the Bro̷nsted–Lowry character of the base.
The development and characterization of an andiroba oil-based nanoemulsion (Carapa guianensis, Aubl.): insights into its physico-chemical features and in vitro potential healing effects
(2025) Monteiro, Isolda de Sousa; Fonseca, Aimê Stefany Alves da; Santos, Carolina Ramos dos; Carvalho, João Paulo Santos de; Silva, Sebastião William da; Veiga Junior, Valdir Florêncio da; Ribeiro, Rayssa; Vieira, Ivo José Curcino; Nogueira, Thalya Soares Ribeiro; Costa, Carlos Alexandre Rocha da; Vilas Boas, Eduardo Valério de Barros
Background/Objectives: Andiroba oil, extracted from Carapa guianensis seeds, possesses therapeutic properties including anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects. This study aimed to develop and characterize a nanoemulsion formulation containing andiroba oil (NeAnd) and to evaluate its cytotoxicity and wound healing potential in vitro. Methods: The oil was evaluated for acidity, antioxidant activity, and fatty acid composition. NeAnd was produced by ultrasonication and characterized using FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. Results: NeAnd exhibited a spherical shape and stable physicochemical properties, with an average hydrodynamic diameter (HD) of 205.7 ± 3.9 nm, a polydispersity index (PdI) of 0.295 ± 0.05, a negative zeta potential of −4.16 ± 0.414 mV, and pH of approximately 6.5. These nanodroplets remained stable for 120 days when stored at 4 °C and maintained their parameters even under pH variations. FTIR and Raman analyses confirmed the presence of functional groups and the organization of fatty acid chains in NeAnd. Cell viability assays revealed no statistically significant differences in cytotoxicity at various concentrations (90–360 µg/mL) after 24 and 48 h. In scratch wound healing assays, NeAnd significantly enhanced wound closure (88.9%) compared to the PBS control (38%) and free andiroba oil (68.6%) in keratinocytes (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These promising findings indicate NeAnd as a potential nanophytomedicine for wound healing and tissue regeneration treatments.
Natural plant pigments: genes and transcription factors regulating synthesis and degradation, extraction, microencapsulation, food applications, and sensory impacts
(2026) Azevedo, Lorrane Ribeiro de Souza Estela Corrêa de; Dutra, Juliete Martins; Sousa, Wallace Carlos de; Carvalho, Elisângela Elena Nunes; Damiani, Clarissa; Vilas Boas, Eduardo Valério de Barros
Natural pigments are essential for the visual attractiveness of foods, being a healthy alternative to artificial colorings. Chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins and betalains stand out as bioactive pigments that promote health benefits and contribute to disease prevention. The stability of these pigments is influenced by factors such as light and temperature, requiring strategies such as microencapsulation for protection. Encapsulation can be performed by a variety of physical and chemical techniques capable of improving the bioavailability and durability of these pigments. However, challenges remain, such as a detailed understanding of the synthesis and degradation of these pigment compounds and interactions with food matrices. Although there is extensive research on the study of isolated pigments, there is a lack of comparative reviews on the stability and acceptance of these compounds by consumers. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the molecular mechanisms, extraction trends, encapsulation of natural pigments and sensory impacts on consumer perception.

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