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Root and shoot development of corn seedlings as affected by rhizobacteria
(2022-02) Cruz, Dennis Ricardo Cabral; Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Silva, Mariana Aguiar; Barroso Neto, Juracy
Multifunctional microorganisms are beneficial microorganisms able of promoting plant growth through direct and indirect mechanisms. Because of this, has enormous potential for use when aiming a sustainable agriculture. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of seed inoculation with multifunctional microorganisms on the initial development of corn seedlings. The experiment was carried out under controlled conditions in a completely randomized design, with seven treatments and six replications. Treatments consisted of microbiolization of corn seeds with the rhizobacteria: 1. Burkholderia cepacea (BRM 32111), 2. Serratia marcenses (BRM 32113), 3. Serratia sp. (BRM 32114), 4. Bacillus sp. (BRM 63573), 5. Azospirillum brasilense (Ab-V5), 6. Azospirillum sp. (BRM 63574) and 7. control treatment (no microorganisms). For each experimental unit, 500 mL plastic pots filled with soil and two corn seeds were used. After 14 days the seedlings were removed from the pots, set aside from the ground and photographed with a digital camera. The images presented were analyzed by WinRHIZO 2012 software to determine: total root length, root diameter, total root surface area and root volume. After this, roots and shoots of the seedlings were dried and weighed. Corn seedlings treated with the multifunctional microorganisms Bacillus sp. (BRM 63573), Serratia sp. (BRM32114) and Azospirillum sp. (BRM 63574) presented increased in the root and shoots biomass compared to untreated seeds. The microorganism Azospirillum sp. (BRM 63574) was the one that provided the highest values in the parameters of total root length, root diameter, root volume, root dry mass, shoot dry mass and total dry mass compared to the control treatment. The use of multifunctional microorganisms is a promising alternative to provide greater development of corn seedlings.
Productivity of corn and beans as affected by season and source of nitrogen
(2022-04) Silveira, Pedro Marques da; Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Carvalho, Maria da Conceição Santana
Enhanced-efficiency fertilizers, which provide a reduction in nitrogen (N) losses, can be a viable alternative for the anticipation of topdressing for the moment of sowing, besides reducing operations for the rural producer. This study aimed to determine the effect of the period of application of enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers on the grain yield of corn and common bean in the Cerrado region in the direct seeding system. The experiment was carried out during two crop seasons (2019/2020 and 2020/2021), under field conditions. The completely randomized blocks experimental design was used, being arranged in a 2x4+1 factorial, with four replicates. Treatments consisted of the combination of the following two periods of nitrogen application: at sowing and recommended (four open leaves of corn and third trefoil in beans); and of the four following types of nitrogen fertilizers: 1. urea + NBPT + Zeolite; 2. urea + B + Cu + Zeolite; 3. Super N; and 4. Urea. Additionally, a control treatment (without N) was included. Nitrogen values for application in the treatments were adjusted so that 150 kg ha-1 N was applied to the corn, cultivated in summer, and 90 kg ha-1 N was applied to the common bean, cultivated in winter. It was concluded that nitrogen sources and period of nitrogen application did not affect corn grain yield, yield components, and common bean grain yield. The application of nitrogen in corn or common bean provided significant increases in crop grain yield.
Bactérias promotoras do crescimento radicular em plântulas de dois cultivares de arroz irrigado por inundação
(2019-04) Sousa, Israel Mendes; Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de
For growing and development in nature, plants count with the benefits of microorganisms residing in their rhizosphere. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are some of these microorganisms that interact in a beneficial way with plant species. Therefore, seed inoculation with PGPR can be an important and sustainable alternative to improve initial development and crop production. The aim was to determine effect of seeds microbiolization with PGPR on root length of flooded lowland rice seedlings. Under controlled conditions, two experiments were conducted with lowland rice cultivars (BRS Catiana and BRS A702 CL) in completely randomized design, with seven treatments and 10 replications. The treatments consisted of six microorganisms: BRM32109 (Bacillus sp.), BRM32110 (Bacillus sp.), BRM32111 (Pseudomonas fluorescens), BRM32112 (Pseudomonas sp.), BRM32113 (Burkholderia pyrrocinia), BRM32114 (Serratia sp.) and a control (no microorganism). Only the cultivar BRS Catiana showed difference among the treatments. The highest root length was presented by the seeds treated with the isolates BRM32110, BRM32112, BRM32109, and BRM32114. Both of cultivars had significance when compared microorganisms to the control. Highlight for seeds of cultivar BRS Catiana, that when treated with the isolates BRM32110 and BRM32112 presented an average increase of 25.7% on the root length, compared to control treatment. For the cultivar BRS A702 CL, all the microorganisms provided increments with average value of 31% in the root length of rice seedlings. Based on the results it can be inferred that PGPR provide significant increases in seedling root length of flooded lowland rice cultivars.
Volatilização da amônia da ureia estabilizada com NBPT na adubação em cobertura da Urochloa ruziziensis
(2018-03) Lima, João Eudes Santana; Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Silveira, Pedro Marques da; Leandro, Wilson Mozena
Urea is the major nitrogen fertilizer used in pastures. In this fertilizer, one of the main nitrogen (N) losses is related to ammonia volatilization. The use of products that provide reduced losses of N from urea can help to increase the use efficiency of this nutrient in pastures. This study aimed to determine the effect of nitrogen sources and doses split applied at topdressing in Urochloa ruziziensis in the N losses by ammonia N-NH3 volatilization. The experiment was conducted in Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, in a in a Brazilian Oxisol. It was used the randomized blocks experimental design, with four replications, in a factorial arrangement 2 x 5 x 5. Treatments were composed by N sources: common urea and urea with urease inhibitor, N rates: 0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1 (split in 5 applications) and five forage growth period: 11/14 to 12/13 (1º period), 12/14 to 01/12 (2º period), 01/13 to 02/11 (3º period), 03/24 to 04/22 (4º period) and 07/10 to 08/08 (5º period). The use of urea with urease inhibitor provided reductions in ammonia loss by volatilization in comparison to the common urea. Increasing N rates led to increased N-NH3 volatilization. In drier periods of the year it was found greater losses of N by ammonia volatilization.
Yield, biomass production and nutrients accumulation of super early genotype of common bean
(2018-03) Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Carvalho, Maria da Conceição Santana
This work aimed to study the biomass production and nutrient uptake during plant development and nutrients exported by the grains of a super early genotype (SEG) of common bean. The irrigated field experiment was done during the 2016 growing season (winter season), under no-tillage system conditions, in the Cerrado region. Experimental design was in complete randomized block in split plots scheme, with four replications. Main plots comprised SEG of common bean (Colibri – control cultivar and CNFC 15874) and subplots were nine times of plant collection (14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 and 70 days after plant sowing, DAS) with separation in leaves, stem and pods. Absorption of nutrients by the shoots of SEG CNFC 15874 follows the decreasing order N> K> Ca> Mg> P> S> Fe> Zn >Mn >Cu. The maximum accumulation of nutrients in the leaves and stem of the SEG was at 42 DAS (full flowering stage) and in the pods was between 63 to 70 DAS (physiological maturation). Nitrogen, K, P, Ca, S, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu was the order of accumulated nutrients in grains of super early genotypes. Nitrogen, P and Cu was the nutrients with higher amount in the grains of SEG. IPR Colibri had higher number of pods, mass of grains, total and pods biomass production, nutrients accumulation and grain yield than CNFC 15874. Nutrients should be available to SEG of common bean between 14-21 DAS (third trifoliolate leaf).
Spatial arrangements for super-early genotypes for common bean production
(2017-04) Mondo, Vitor Henrique Vaz; Nascente, Adriano Stephan
The super-early genotypes (SEG) of common bean, developed by Embrapa Rice and Beans in Brazil, have a shorter life cycle (65-75 days) when compared with the full-season traditional cultivars (95-105 days). Spatial arrangements of plants for SEG should be evaluated to allow fully exploit of its genetic potential. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of plant population and row spacing on grain yield and its components in super-early genotypes of common bean. The experimental design was a randomized block in a 2 x 2 x 5 factorial, with six replications, in two growing seasons (summer 2014/2015 and winter 2015). The treatments consisted of the combination of two super-early genotypes of common bean (CNFC 15874 and CNFC 15875), two row spacings (0.35 and 0.45 m) and five plant densities (6, 10, 14, 18 and 22 seeds m-1). We also included a control treatment, IPR Colibri cultivar (65-75 days of life cycle) with 10 seeds m-1 density. The increase in plant density decreased yield components per plant but increased grain yield of super-early genotypes of common bean per unit area (from 1653 to 4614 kg ha-1 in summer 2014/2015 and from 2239 to 2537 kg ha-1 in winter 2015). The spatial arrangement of sowing density of 22 seeds per meter and 0.45 m row spacing allowed the highest grain yield in super-early genotypes of common bean.
Depth of sulfur fertilization as affecting nodulation and grain yield of common bean
(2017-08) Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Silveira, Pedro Marques da; Silva, José Geraldo; Ferreira, Enderson Petrônio de Brito
Depth of sulfur (S) fertilization can affect common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) development and a better understanding of its interaction with plant nodulation could help to improve common bean grain yield in soils under Cerrado. The objective of this study was to determine nodulation, grain yield and yield components of common bean as affected by rates and deep of S fertilization. The experimental designed was a randomized block in a factorial arrangement 4 x 2, with four replications. Treatments were the combination of sulfur rates (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg ha-1) at two depths (0.06 and 0.12 m) in two growing season (2014 and 2015). S fertilization depth did not affect number of nodules, root and shoot dry matter of common bean. The application of S in the uppermost layer provided significant increases in the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and grain yield of common bean. Fertilization with S provided significant increases in grain yield of common bean. Thus, the sulfated fertilization should be considered in farming systems aiming for high yields.
Velocidade de semeadura e profundidade da semente no sulco afetando a produtividade de grãos do arroz de terras altas
(2017-04) Silva, José Geraldo da; Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Silveira, Pedro Marques da
The uniformity of sowing in the agricultural areas can be affected by several factors, such as the speed of the tractor-sowing set and the depth of placement of the seed in the sowing furrow. These factors can significantly affect the grain yield of crops. The objective of this work was to quantify the effect of sowing velocity and depth of seed placement on the furrow in plant stand, seedling emergence speed index, yield components and grain yield of upland rice. The experimental design was randomly blocks in factorial scheme 3x2, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of the combination of three sowing speeds (3, 5 and 7 km h-1) with two depths of seed placement in the sowing furrows (3 and 6 cm). Sowing depth significantly affected the seedling emergence speed index and plant stand of rice, without affecting the number of tillers, number of panicles, number of grains per panicle, mass of 1000 grains and grain yield. Sowing speed did not affect seedling emergence speed index, plant stand, number of tillers, number of panicles and mass of 1000 grains. On the other hand, it affected the number of grains per panicle and the grain yield of rice.
Índice de refletância na estimativa da área foliar e biomassa das folhas em feijão-comum
(2016-06) Santana, Arthur Vieira de; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; Stone, Luís Fernando; Nascente, Adriano Stephan
The objective of this study was to determine the leaf area index (LAI) and leaf dry matter (LDM) of common bean from the NDVI and correlated them to crop yield. Two experiments were conducted in the field in 5/17/2013 and 07/03/2013, using the experimental design of randomized blocks, in which four genotypes, Pérola, BAT 477, BRS Pontal and BRS Agreste, were compared. The acquisition of NDVI occurred with field radiometric sensor and crop data were obtained from destructive samples. LAI and LDM estimated from NDVI showed a good performance, which similar values of statistical coefficients. The NDVI, for both sowing dates, saturated from 50 days after emergence, and it should be used mainly for the crop vegetative stage. Yield showed a statistical difference only between sowing dates, showing higher value in the first one. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that LAI and LDM can be estimated by NDVI using a linear regression model. IAF and LDM observed and those estimated by this model correlated positively with common bean yield.
Trichoderma asperellum and rhizobacteria improving biomass accumulation and gas exchange of lowland rice
(2021-04) Sousa, Israel Mendes; Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; Lanna, Anna Cristina
Rice the main source of energy to maintain the metabolism for almost four billion people worldwide. Rice plants treated with multifunctional microorganisms may be a good way for sustainable improvement of crop grain yield. Aimed study the effect of types and ways of microorganisms application in tropical lowland rice production, evaluated by biomass production and gas exchange. The greenhouse trial was in a completely randomized design, in factorial scheme 7 x 3 + 1, with four replication. Treatments were the combination of seven microorganisms: Bacillus sp. (BRM32109 e BRM32110); Pseudomonas fluorescens (BRM32111); Pseudomonas sp. (BRM32112); Burkholderia pyrrocinia (BRM32113); Serratia sp. (BRM32114) and Trichoderma asperellum pool (UFRA.T06 + UFRA.T09 + UFRA.T12 + UFRA.T52), with three forms of application (1. microbiolized seed; 2. microbiolized seed + soil drenched with microorganism at eight and 15 days after sowing (DAS) and 3. microbiolized seed + microorganism spray plant at eight and 15 DAS). Microbiolized seed was the best form of application, which allowed highest instantaneous carboxylation efficiency and yield of biomass production in lowland rice. Rhizobcteria BRM32114, followed by BRM32111, BRM32112 and fungi T. asperellum improved, an average, 17% in instantaneous carboxylation efficiency and 20% in dry shoot biomass production of lowland rice compared to the control plants.
Características fisio-agronômicas do feijoeiro de ciclo superprecoce tratado com promotores de crescimento
(2018-09) Frasca, Laylla Luanna de Mello; Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Lanna, Anna Cristina; Carvalho, Maria da Conceição Santana
Common bean has an economic and social relevance for the Brazilian population. Among the technologies that contribute to high crop yield are growth promoters. This study objected to determine the growth promoters’ effect, applied via seed or via seed and leaf, on the performance of super early common bean, cultivar FC-104, regarding the physiological (gas exchange and nutrient content) and agronomic (yield and its components) indicators. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with 13 treatments and four replicates. The treatments were constituted by the growth promoters (I) Micronutrients Complex, (II) Leonardite; (III) Micronutrients + fulvic acids, (IV) Micronutrients + amino acids; (V) Micronutrients + Ascophyllum; (VI) Micronutrients + Eklonya; (VII) N + Zn; (VIII) N + K + amino acids; (IX) Growth regulators; (X) Trichoderma asperellum, (XI) T. asperellum + Bacillus methylotrophicus and (XII) Peat. Seeds treated with water was considered control treatment (XIII). In treatments IV and XI, the plants had significantly higher stomatal conductance (gs) and number of pods per plant (NVP). In treatment V, the plants presented higher value of leaf phosphorus (P), in both cases in relation to the control. However, there was no significant increase in grain yield of common bean treated with growth promoter.
Sistema de plantio direto e rotação de culturas no Cerrado
(2022) Silva, Mariana Aguiar; Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Lanna, Anna Cristina; Mirza, Cássia Cristina Rezende; Cruz, Dennis Ricardo Cabral; Frasca, Laylla Luanna de Mello; Ferreira, Amanda Lopes; Ferreira, Izabely Vitória Lucas; Duarte, Jéssica Rodrigues de Mello; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de
The Direct Tillage System (DTS) is a conservationist agricultural practice capable of promoting several benefits, highlighting the improvements in the physical, chemical and biological attributes of the soil. Although it is a system that is already well established in the Cerrado, the region is still characterized mainly by soybean monoculture or succession (soybean/corn), which harms the soil and productivity in the long term. Thus, the adoption of crop rotation, with different plant species, such as cover crops, is one of the basic premises of the DTS, fundamental to maintain good soil cover and efficient nutrient cycling. In this way, the objective of the work, carried out through an exploratory bibliographic research and qualitative approach, was to bring information regarding the DTS and crop rotation to improve the Cerrado soil. Crop rotation is a viable practice to be used in agricultural cultivation areas, contributing to the improvement of soil quality, to the control of weeds, diseases and pests, reducing the need for the application of pesticides, in addition to optimizing the use of nutrients. In short, it is concluded that the implementation of the DTS in the Cerrado, respecting the basic premise of crop rotation, is a viable alternative that contributes to sustainable agricultural production in the region, in addition to being an easy-to-execute, low-cost practice that provides productive gains, if done correctly.
Plantas de cobertura isoladas e em mix para a melhoria da qualidade do solo e das culturas comerciais no Cerrado
(2021) Silva, Mariana Aguiar; Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Frasca, Laylla Luanna de Mello; Mirza, Cássia Cristina Rezende; Ferreira, Eliane Aparecida Silva; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; Lanna, Anna Cristina; Ferreira, Enderson Petrônio de Brito; Lacerda, Mabio Chrisley
Cover plants are intended to cover, protect the soil and provide straw for the Direct Tillage System (DTS), and are cultivated in areas that would be destined for fallow or prior to commercial crops. The use of these plants in the DTS in the Cerrado region can provide improvements in the physical, chemical and biological conditions of soils, as well as in the health and development of crops of economic interest. When choosing the cover plant for his area, the producer must choose species that meet his needs and that have good development in the region. There is a wide variety of species adapted to the Cerrado region, mainly from the grass or legume group, which can provide distinct benefits to the soil and commercial crops. The species also have different characteristics that can favor a better use of the resources of the environment, or have a synergistic effect on the benefits provided by the use of only one type of cover plant. Thus, the use of a mix of cover crops, especially with species that present contrasting characteristics, has been growing since they can provide greater benefits to the system than the cultivation of single species, such as greater availability of nutrients for crops and greater protection of the ground. Therefore, the use of cover crops, isolated or in a mix, is a great alternative to improve soil quality and benefit commercial crops in succession, which can contribute to the intensification of sustainable agriculture in the Cerrado.
Microrganismos multifuncionais: utilização na agricultura
(2021) Mirza, Cássia Cristina Rezende; Silva, Mariana Aguiar; Frasca, Laylla Luanna de Mello; Faria, Denner Robert; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; Lanna, Anna Cristina; Nascente, Adriano Stephan
Multifunctional microorganisms are beneficial microorganisms that have direct and indirect mechanisms for promoting plant growth and play an important role as an alternative technology towards scale for sustainable agriculture. The increase in demand for agricultural production with a significant reduction in the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides is a major challenge today. The study of these microorganisms has been highlighted in recent years due to the great demand for sustainable technologies, which may reduce production costs, increasing the productivity and profitability of agribusiness. The application of multifunctional microorganisms through direct and indirect mechanisms has shown that it is possible to make crop management practices more environmentally sustainable. The mechanisms of multifunctional microorganisms include the regulation of hormonal balance, solubilization of nutrients in the soil solution and induction of resistance against pathogens. The objective of the work was to bring information regarding multifunctional microorganisms prioritizing the general aspects, the characteristics of the microorganisms (rhizobacteria and fungi) that promote plant growth and their main mechanisms of action. In summary, it is concluded that multifunctional microorganisms have several favorable characteristics to be used as promoters of plant growth in sustainable agriculture.
Proportion of parental line (A receptor and R pollinator) seeds improving rice hybrid production
(2021) Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Fagundes, Paulo Ricardo Reis; Mondo, Vitor Henrique Vaz; Lacerda, Mabio Chrisley
The high price of rice hybrid seeds is one of the major limiting factors for increasing the use of this technology. An important step toward minimizing high rice hybrid seed cost is developing techniques that help improve hybrid seed yield. Our goal was to determine the proportion of seeds of line A (receptor) and line R (pollinator) that, under mixed sowing, would allow optimized rice hybrid seed production and grain quality. Trials were performed for two growing seasons in the southern region of Brazil. The cultivar INTA Puita was used as a pollinator and line 464 A as receptor. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications. Treatments included six proportions of seeds of the INTA Puita (0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, and 24.00%) mixture with seeds of line 464 A (99.25, 98.50, 97.00, 94.00, 88.00, and 76%, respectively). By increasing the percentage of the pollinator seeds (INTA Puita CL) from 0.75 to 24% in the mixture with the receptor (line 464 A), we increased yield of INTA Puita CL grains (7 to 2676 kg ha-1) and hybrid seeds (279 to 1493 kg ha-1). The mixture of different proportions of INTA Puita CL (pollinator) with the receptor (line 464 A) did not change the rice grain quality or the production cost. The cost of production per kg of hybrid seeds decreased quadratically with the increasing percentage of the pollinator (INTA Puita CL), from US$ 6.71 to US$ 1.23. Revenue achieved from the commercialization of the grains of INTA Puita CL with hybrid seeds 464 A showed quadratic increases with the increased percentage of INTA Puita cl in the mixture. Our results showed a potential technique that could be used to improve hybrid seed production, reduce cost per kg of hybrid seed and improve revenue from producing rice hybrid seeds.
Application of lime, phosphogypsum and fertilization rates affect soil fertility and common bean development in no-tillage system in a Cerrado Oxisol
(2018) Carvalho, Maria da Conceição Santana; Nascente, Adriano Stephan
There is a lack of information about the effects of interactions among lime, phosphogypsum (PG) and fertilization on soil fertility and their effects on common bean yields in the tropics. This study aimed to determine the effects of annual application of PG and limestone and rates of fertilization on the chemical attributes of soil, fertilization efficiency, yield components and the grain yield of the common bean. The study was performed for three growing seasons in an acidic Oxisol. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 4x4 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of lime, lime + PG, PG, and control (without corrective application) with four fertilization rates. In an acidic and low-fertility Cerrado soil, limestone or limestone + PG applied annually at 1/3 of the total rate in a no tillage system increased the common bean yield and the efficiency of the fertilization, although the improvement of the soil acidity indicators did not reach the desired levels. The application of soluble fertilizers to provide adequate and balanced amounts of nutrients provided greater yield gains and improved soil fertility compared to surface liming without fertilization, but the combination of the two practices resulted in the greatest benefits to both plant and soil fertility.
Nitrogen management effects on soil mineral nitrogen, plant nutrition and yield of super early cycle common bean genotypes
(2017-09) Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Carvalho, Maria da Conceição Santana; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; Rosa, Paulo Holanda
This study was conducted to measure the effects of the timing of nitrogen fertilization (NF) on soil N-NH4 + and N-NO3 -, macronutrient contents in the leaves and grains, and the grain yield of super early genotypes (SEG) of common bean. Field experiments were performed for four growing seasons in an Oxisol soil in Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazil, using a randomized block experimental design in a split plot scheme. The plots were planted with common bean SEG, and the subplots were the NF timings, including a treatment without N fertilization. The available soil N with improved fertility and medium to high levels of organic matter were enough to meet the N demands of the common bean crop in order to achieve yields of up to 3,000 kg ha-1. Fertilization with N, regardless of the time of application, provided no increase in the yield components, grain yield and the N, P and K contents in the leaves and grains of the common bean SEG. The genotypes CNFC 15873 and CNFC 15875 had higher grain yields in the rainfed summer, and the genotype CNFC 15874 had higher grain yields in the irrigated winter growing season. It can be inferred that the use of common bean SEG, with life cycles ranging from 65 to 77 days, can be a promising technology, providing grain yields similar to the control (IPR Colibri).
Effects of row spacing and nitrogen topdressing fertilization on the yield of upland rice in a no-tillage system
(2016-12) Lacerda, Mabio Chrisley; Nascente, Adriano Stephan
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of row spacing and nitrogen topdressing fertilization of two materials (genotype 07SEQCL441 CL and cultivar BRS Esmeralda) on the plant height, yield components, grain yield, and quality of an upland rice crop grown in a no-tillage system. Trials were conducted for two growing seasons under field conditions in a 3 x 4 factorial, randomized, complete block design, with four replications. For each material, treatments consisted of the combination of row spacing (0.225, 0.35, and 0.45 m) with nitrogen (N) applied as topdressing (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). The lowest row spacing (0.225 m) for genotypes 07SEQCL441 CL and BRS Esmeralda provided a higher number of tillers, number of panicles m-2, and grain yield of rice. Increasing rates of N in the topdressing improved the rice grain yield for both cultivars, but for 07SEQCL441 CL, the grain yield was positively affected only to applications up to 50 kg N ha-1. Row spacing and N rates did not affect the rice grain quality. Therefore, these results indicate that the narrowest row spacing used (0.225 m) with N fertilization as topdressing increased the rice grain yield most in the no-tillage system.
Upland rice seedling performance promoted by multifunctional microorganisms
(2021-02) Fernandes, João Pedro Tavares; Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; Silva, Mariana Aguiar
Multifunctional microorganisms can contribute to the development of plant root systems and positively affect the grain yield of crops. However, studies of the use of these microorganisms to benefit root development in rice plants are scarce. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of rhizobacterial inoculation of the seeds on the root development of upland rice seedlings. The experiment was carried out in the agricultural microbiology laboratory of Embrapa Rice and Beans, and we adopted a completely randomized design with eight replications. The treatments consisted of the inoculation of rice seeds with the rhizobacteria 1. Pseudomonas fluorescens (BRM 32111), 2. Burkholderia pyrrocinia (BRM 32113), 3. Serratia sp. (BRM 32114), 4. Bacillus sp. (1301), 5. Azospirillum brasilense (Ab-V5), 6. Azospirillum sp. (1381), and a 7. control treatment (without microorganisms). Treatment using the microorganism Azospirillum sp. (1381) provided the longest roots, greatest root volume and highest total dry mass of roots, at 86.34, 111.53 and 29.41%, respectively, significantly superior to the control treatment. In addition, treatments Ab-V5 and Bacillus sp. (1301) resulted in a root diameter of 13.81 and 13.06%, respectively, larger than that of the control treatment. The use of these multifunctional microorganisms was efficient for promoting the root development of rice seedlings.
Physiological and agronomic characteristics of the common bean as affected by multifunctional microorganisms
(2021-04) Mirza, Cássia Cristina Rezende; Frasca, Laylla Luanna de Mello; Silva, Mariana Aguiar; Pires, Rafael Augusto Corrêa; Lanna, Anna Cristina; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; Nascente, Adriano Stephan
Multifunctional microorganisms (MMs) can have beneficial effects on plants through direct and indirect mechanisms. This study aimed to determine the effect of MMs on shoot and root biomass production; gas exchange; content of macronutrients in the shoots, roots and grains; yield components; and grain yield of common bean plants. A completely randomized design with twenty-six treatments and three replications was used under controlled conditions. Treatments consisted of the application of MMs and their combinations in pairs, with the nine rhizobacteria isolates BRM 32109, BRM 32110 and 1301 (Bacillus sp.), BRM 32111 and BRM 32112 (Pseudomonas sp.), BRM 32113 (Burkholderia sp.), BRM 32114 (Serratia sp.), 1381 (Azospirillum sp.) and Ab-V5 (Azospirillum brasilense); an edaphic fungal isolate T-26 (Trichoderma koningiopsis); and a control (without MMs). These MMs were applied at three time points: microbiolization of the seeds, watering the soil seven days after sowing (DAS) and spraying the plants with 21 DAS. In comparison to the control plants, the isolates 1301 and T-26, in addition to the combinations Ab-V5 + T-26, BRM 32114 + BRM 32110 and 1381 + T-26, provided better results, with an increase of 36.5% in the grain yield, a higher accumulation of biomass (78.0%) and a higher content of N, P and K (42.6, 67.8 and 25.7%, respectively) in the shoots of common bean plants. Therefore, the results allow us to infer that the use of MMs is a good strategy for increasing common bean grain yields.

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