Utilização da avobenzona como fotoprotetor químico: uma análise de risco toxicológico e ambiental

Abstract

Avobenzone is one of the most widely used organic ultraviolet (UV) filters in sunscreen formulations due to its high capacity to absorb ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation. However, issues related to its photochemical stability, dermal absorption, and environmental impacts have attracted increasing scientific and regulatory attention. This study aimed to analyze the available evidence regarding the human toxicological and environmental profile of avobenzone, as well as to discuss its limitations and safety challenges. A qualitative literature review was conducted through searches in the PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases, covering publications from the last ten years. Following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 26 studies were selected for analysis. The findings demonstrated that avobenzone exhibits dermal permeability and detectable systemic absorption; however, no consistent evidence of significant human toxicity under approved topical use conditions was identified. Some studies reported potential cellular, immunological, and reproductive alterations in experimental models, although no significant carcinogenic or mutagenic effects were confirmed. From an environmental perspective, evidence of contamination of aquatic ecosystems and potential ecotoxicological effects on various organisms was observed, including alterations in embryonic development, neurobehavioral activity, and reproductive processes. In conclusion, avobenzone remains an important photoprotective agent for preventing UVA-induced skin damage. Nevertheless, further investigations are required to clarify its long-term effects and environmental impacts, with the aim of improving its safety profile and sustainability.