Inteligência artificial e ChatGPT: desafios da IA generativa e implicações para educação

Abstract

The aim of this research is to discuss Artificial Intelligence, specifically Generative Artificial Intelligence, ChatGPT, and its implications for education. The research problem focuses on investigating the impacts of this tool on the educational process. To this end, a qualitative bibliographic research was conducted, based on authors such as Feenberg (2004), Santaella (2023a, 2023b), Kaufman (2025), Melo (2025), Lima and Evaristo (2025), among others. The study is divided into sections, the first being the Introduction. Section 2 discusses technology based on Feenberg's (2004) Critical Theory of Technology, the emergence and development of Artificial Intelligence, its conceptualization, specifically Generative AI. Section 3 covers the conceptualization and understanding of ChatGPT, as well as the impacts of this generative tool on education. The Final Considerations present the main findings of the research, which identified that the misuse of ChatGPT can lead to negative interferences in education, even though it presents contradictions and benefits regarding support for diagnoses, streamlining bureaucratic processes, and facilitating research content retrieval. Conversely, AI can be a tool that, among other drawbacks, may hinder authorship, creativity, and learner autonomy, in addition to impairing the development of essential human capacities, such as ethics, critical thinking, and reflection