Quebra da cadeia de custódia e a consequência para o devido processo legal: uma revisão da literatura
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La cadena de custodia es uno de los puntos más sensibles de la investigación forense criminalística, razón por la cual adquirió relevancia legal con la promulgación de la Ley 13.964/2019 (Paquete Anticrimen). Al estudiar el análisis forense criminalístico como medio para probar la materialidad y la autoría en la fase investigativa y para formar la convicción del juez en la fase procesal, se observa que la prueba técnica debe necesariamente tener una base de trazabilidad confiable para dar credibilidad y robustez a los análisis resultantes. En este contexto, se destaca la omisión del legislador respecto a las consecuencias legales de romper los eslabones de la cadena de custodia, problema que es objeto de esta investigación. A través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, anclada en el método dialéctico y un enfoque cualitativo, este estudio busca comprender los diferentes argumentos de la academia sobre este tema. Los debates giran en torno a dos perspectivas principales: la primera defiende la inadmisibilidad de la prueba cuando se rompe un eslabón de la cadena de custodia; o la posibilidad de admitir la prueba, sujeta a la valoración del juez sobre su valor probatorio, dependiendo de las consecuencias de romper dichos eslabones. A través del análisis de las posturas de la doctrina, se entiende que la clasificación de la ruptura de la cadena de custodia como prueba ilegítima y su consecuente inadmisibilidad en materia procesal debe prevalecer, ya que se alinea con el principio constitucional del debido proceso legal, atendiendo a la voluntad del legislador, sin relativizar el uso de prueba ilícita.
The custody chain is one of the most sensitive points for criminal forensics, which is why it gained legal contexts with the enactment of Brazilian Law 13.964/2019 (Anti-Crime Package). In a way, when we see the criminal expert analysis to prove materiality and authorship in the investigative phase and to form the judge's conviction, in the procedural phase, it is observed that the technical evidence must necessarily have a reliable traceability basis. The purpose is to give credibility and robustness to the resulting analyses. In this context, the legislator's omission as to the legal consequences of breaking the links in the chain of custody, the subject of this research, stands out. Through a systematized literature review, anchored in the dialectic method and in a qualitative approach, we seek to understand the different arguments in academia about the highlighted issue. The debates revolve around two main strands: the first defends the inadmissibility of evidence, in the face of the breaking of any link in this chain; or the possibility of admitting the evidence, through the evaluation of its probative force by the judge, depending on the consequences of the breaking of these links. By analyzing the positions of the scholars, it appears that the classification of the breach of the chain of custody as illegitimate evidence and its consequent inadmissibility in the procedural scope should prevail. This perspective is in line with the constitutional principle of due legal process, and is close to the legislator's will, without relativizing the use of illicit evidence.
The custody chain is one of the most sensitive points for criminal forensics, which is why it gained legal contexts with the enactment of Brazilian Law 13.964/2019 (Anti-Crime Package). In a way, when we see the criminal expert analysis to prove materiality and authorship in the investigative phase and to form the judge's conviction, in the procedural phase, it is observed that the technical evidence must necessarily have a reliable traceability basis. The purpose is to give credibility and robustness to the resulting analyses. In this context, the legislator's omission as to the legal consequences of breaking the links in the chain of custody, the subject of this research, stands out. Through a systematized literature review, anchored in the dialectic method and in a qualitative approach, we seek to understand the different arguments in academia about the highlighted issue. The debates revolve around two main strands: the first defends the inadmissibility of evidence, in the face of the breaking of any link in this chain; or the possibility of admitting the evidence, through the evaluation of its probative force by the judge, depending on the consequences of the breaking of these links. By analyzing the positions of the scholars, it appears that the classification of the breach of the chain of custody as illegitimate evidence and its consequent inadmissibility in the procedural scope should prevail. This perspective is in line with the constitutional principle of due legal process, and is close to the legislator's will, without relativizing the use of illicit evidence.
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CAVALCANTI, Douglas Rodrigues; SILVA, Thiago Henrique Costa. Quebra de cadeia de custódia e a consequência para o devido processo legal: uma revisão da literatura. Atâtôt: revista interdisciplinar de direitos humanos, Anápolis, v. 7, n. 1, p. 1-29, 2026. Disponível em: https://www.revista.ueg.br/index.php/atatot/pt_BR/article/view/16405. Acesso em: 1 junho 2026.