Threats for bird population restoration: a systematic review

Abstract

Although widespread, actions aiming at the restoration of native species populations within their indige-nous range still lack a clear definition of success, given the high degree of variability in species needs.In this sense, to understand and manage the mechanisms that lead to reintroduction or reinforcementfailures may be a more feasible alternative to ensure conservation objectives. In this study, we aimedto systematize the main drivers that can negatively impact bird population restoration according toresearchers and practitioners. Thus, a systematic review was performed in peer-reviewed journals, identi-fying 75 attempts, conducted from 1990 to 2016, in 30 countries involving 64 bird species and subspecies.Thirteen drivers that negatively impact reintroduction or reinforcement attempts were identified, wherepredation, unexpected dispersal movement and diseases were the main factors. We believe that if thesedrivers were prioritized during pre-release planning and post-release monitoring, restoration populationprograms would be more successful.