Meso-tetra-(4-pyridyl)porphyrin/palladium(ii) complexes as anticancer agents

Abstract

This study reports the synthesis, structural characterization and cytotoxic activity of four new palladium/pyridylporphyrin complexes, with the general formula {TPyP[PdCl(P–P)]4}(PF6)4, where P–P is 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe), 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp), 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (dppb) or 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf). The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, and by FT-IR, UV/Vis, 1H and 31P{1H} NMR (1D/2D) spectroscopy. The slow evaporation of a methanolic solution of {TPyP[PdCl(dppb)]4}(PF6)4 (in an excess of NaBF4 salt) resulted in single crystals suitable for X ray diffraction, allowing the determination of the tridimensional structure of this complex, which crystallized in the P21/a space group. The cytotoxicity of the complexes against MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer cells) and MCF-10A (non-tumor breast cancer cells), was determined by the colorimetric MTT method, which revealed that all four complexes show selective indexes close to 1.2, lower than that of cisplatin for the same cells (12.12). The interaction of the complexes with CT-DNA was evaluated by UV-visible and viscosity measurements and it was determined that the complexes interact moderately with CT-DNA, probably by H-bonding/π–π stacking and electrostatic interactions.