Neurobiologia do transportador de dopamina (SLC6A3)

Abstract

The dopamine transporter (DAT/SLC6A3) is a membrane protein belonging to the family of neurotransmitter transporters/sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻) symporters, primarily located in the central nervous system. This protein plays an important role in modulating dopamine levels by promoting the reuptake of excess extracellular dopamine. Although extensively studied in animal models such as Drosophila, rats, and mice, the characteristics and structure of the dopamine trans-porter in humans remain a relatively recent area of research. This study aims to conduct a literature review to deepen the understanding of the dopamine transporter's role in dopaminergic neurotransmission and its implications for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. The literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases, as well as specialized books. The topics addressed include dopaminergic neurotransmission, the structure, function, and mechanism of action of the dopamine transporter, and disorders related to DAT. The findings of this review highlight the central importance of the dopamine transporter in regulating dopaminergic neurotransmission. Furthermore, they underscore the need for more detailed and focused studies on the human DAT to enable the development of more specific drugs and more effective therapeutic approaches for treating psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.