The anti-obesity effects of triphala and triphala guggul: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Obesity is a progressively serious universal health problem requiring an impressive treatment alternative. Triphala and Triphala Guggul, which include Guggul resin, are traditional therapies suggested for controlling obesity. Their advantage however, has not yet been examined in depth in clinical trials. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials was run in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Three main databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) together with Google Scholar were searched up to July 2025. Eligibility was limited to controlled trials including overweight adults or patients with obesity that examine Triphala or Triphala Guggul in comparison with control interventions. Facts on body weight, body mass index, and other anthropometric measures were adapted. The quality of included studies was assessed using a modified Oxford Quality Score System (OQSS), and the risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Random-effects meta-analysis was accomplished using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 17. Results: Fifteen studies (10 Triphala, 5 Triphala Guggul) with 800 contributors were included. Meta-analysis of five studies on oral Triphala administration reveals a statistically significant decline in body weight (mean difference = −2.4 kg, 95% CI: −4.2 to −0.6, p = 0.01), though with high heterogeneity (I2 = 91%). The effect on body mass index was not statistically significant (p = 0.09). Topical applications did not result in notable effects. Both formulations were well-tolerated with no serious adverse events documented, except for the infrequent occurrence of hypersensitivity skin reactions. Methodological quality was variable, with a third of the studies rated as low quality. Conclusions: Oral short term consumption of Triphala led to a reduction in body weight accross individuals with obesity, although its efficacy for body mass index remains indecisive. Topical administration did not exhibit significant profit. Oral Triphala becomes visible to be a safe complementary supplementation for obesity in a short period; however, the evidence is inconsistent due to variability in study quality and outcomes. Advanced high- quality, long-term studies are required to ensure effectiveness, optimal dosing, and long-term safety.