Conflitos ambientais em sub-bacias hidrográficas com assentamentos de reforma agrária em Goiás

Abstract

The implementation of agrarian reform settlements has been problematized under different aspects, and the environmental issue is one of the most controversial. The environmental analysis of agrarian reform settlements has divided researchers, environmentalists and the communities served. On the one hand, one sees the rigid application of technical precepts and negative ones on the existence of a specific way of life. On the other hand, the land and economic dispute in these new territories ends up attributing greater limitation in access to public policies especially credit, and environmental protection when comparing the settlements with the establishments and properties in their surroundings. Added to this is the fact that many expropriated areas already have environmental liabilities, compromising local production and reproduction capacity. Having such issues as a background, this research aimed to analyze the conflicts of use in the areas of permanent preservation of the settlements in Goiás, comparing it with the environmental conditions of the sub-hydrographic basin in which it is inserted. The methodology was based on the analysis of images by means of remote sensing in an environment of geographic information systems. Accordingly, the number of environmental preservation areas was classified into different images, covering the period before and after the settlement's implementation. With this, the conflicts of use inside and outside the settlements were revealed by estimating vegetation suppression. The results indicated that, on the scale of the environmental territory, the settlements contribute more to environmental conservation than other areas in the basin itself. This analysis can support the adoption of environmental policies in dialogue with agrarian reform.