Toward Industry 5.0: mapping technologies, competencies, and research opportunities

Abstract

Purpose: The goal of this study is to map the current state of academic knowledge on Industry 5.0 by identifying key technologies, required competencies, and emerging thematic areas through a systematic literature review. Based on this analysis, the study proposes a conceptual framework that synthesizes these findings to support future research and enhance understanding of this evolving industrial paradigm—particularly by identifying critical capabilities for implementing human-centric, sustainable, and resilient strategies aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted by querying the Scopus and Web of Science databases. This comprised eight steps designed to comprehensively understand existing literature on I5.0. In total, 470 papers were assessed, 112 of which qualified for subsequent data extraction and analysis. Findings: The study organizes existing literature into five key thematic domains that structure current academic knowledge and guide future research on Industry 5.0: (1) Technologies and Digital Development; (2) Education, Skills, and Knowledge, alongside People, Ethics, Health, and Safety; (3) Society, Laws, and Government; (4) Benefits, Challenges, and General Factors, in conjunction with Organizational Strategy and Management; and (5) Sustainability. These domains offer a comprehensive perspective on the core components and interdependencies that characterize the Industry 5.0 paradigm. The findings also indicate that future research should prioritize empirical studies that examine how human-centricity, resilience, and sustainability are being operationalized within real-world industrial contexts. Implications: This study highlights specific gaps for future research, particularly the need to explore how human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience are integrated in practice. For organizations, the findings provide clarity on key technologies, competencies, and strategic priorities, helping guide transitions aligned with the SDGs. Originality: While grounded in a systematic literature review, this study offers originality by structuring dispersed academic knowledge into five thematic domains that reflect the evolving nature of Industry 5.0. The resulting framework does not claim to be a new theoretical model but adds value by connecting concepts, technologies, competencies, and implementation challenges in a coherent and actionable structure. This contribution helps scholars frame future research and offers organizations a clearer path to navigating the Industry 5.0 landscape.