Reflexões sobre os mecanismos de obtenção de terras para reforma agrária no Brasil

Abstract

In which context did the mechanisms of land obtainment took place in Brazil? How to explain the reduction of areas by disappropriation and the expansion of rural settlements in the period 1985-2019? This article deals with both questions. Brazil follows the select group of countries that have not yet carried out an Agrarian Reform. Reflect on the necessary State actions that ensure deconcentration of land and social justice in field requires understanding the institutional and operational limitations for social function of property application in contemporary Brazil. Between 1985 and 2019, Brazil implemented 9,367 settlements projects with capacity to include 1,076,939 families. This means 78.3 million hectares of land, or 9.2% of national territory. It is not insignificant, but it was not enough to alter the highly concentrated land structure. To answer the questions, the land acquisition database of Agrarian Reform was analyzed in parallel with production pattern changes of agriculture in two distinct periods: 1985-1999 and 2000-2019. Results indicates that the commodites strengthment in the late 1990s and the expansion of areas allocated to them generated impact on land prices. The disappropriation mechanisms for land obtainment have not been updated to apply the social function of the property in its entirety. Thus, the normative instruments succumb to rules that the land market imputes, increasingly difficult to an Agrarian Reform as planned at the initial moment of brazilian redemocratization.