Exclusão territorial: caso do Campus Aparecida de Goiânia

Abstract

Territorial exclusion refers to conditions that limit or hinder the population's access to and mobility within the spaces and opportunities available in their own territory. In this context, this study aims to analyze the territorial exclusion experienced by the academic community of the Aparecida de Goiânia campus of the Federal University of Goiás, from the perspective of trip-generating developments, considering the relocation of the university campus from an urban area to a rural zone. The methodology consisted of three stages. The first was a spatial analysis, which enabled the comparison of urbanization rates within the areas of influence of the campuses. The second stage involved the application of questionnaires to the university community, including socioeconomic information and georeferenced data, which made it possible to calculate travel distances. These data allowed for the analysis of the influence of socioeconomic factors on the travel patterns of the academic community. The third stage focused on the assessment of comparative enrollment and academic withdrawal data over recent years, with the objective of identifying patterns that could explain the impact of territorial exclusion following the relocation. For the statistical analysis, chi-square hypothesis tests were conducted, identifying significant associations between categorical variables. The results indicated that higher income levels and longer travel distances are factors associated with a greater likelihood of choosing private vehicles. Furthermore, 74.63% of participants reported having missed campus activities due to distance, travel time, or transportation conditions, highlighting the occurrence of territorial exclusion. A low attractiveness of active transportation modes was also observed, highlighting the accessibility and mobility challenges faced by the academic community, as well as the region's low level of integration. The average number of trips per person per day was 2.273, which is consistent with findings reported in similar studies conducted in urbanly integrated university settings and may not directly indicate an association with territorial exclusion.