Estudo epidemiológico sobre a realização de enxertos de pele do couro cabeludo como área doadora em pacientes atendidos em um hospital de queimaduras de referência de Goiânia

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Recently, the burn has come to be recognized as an epidemic that demands public health actions for effective prevention and treatment. National preventive campaigns, improvements in SUS and the creation of specialized units have contributed to the reduction of incidence and mortality, but the problem still requires investments from the public and private sectors. The scarcity of accurate epidemiological data makes it difficult to plan preventive strategies. In 3º degree burns, partial thickness skin graft is the standard treatment. Although the use of scalp grafting has been described since the 1960s, its application is still limited in Brazil and little studied, despite having numerous advantages. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to perform a quantitative analysis of the performance of skin grafts using the scalp as a donor area in a treatment service for burned patients in the Emergency Room for Burns (ERB) in Goiânia, Goiás. METHODOLOGY: This is a primary, observational, descriptive, retrospective study, with data collection from the medical records of patients with burns undergoing partial skin grafts obtained from the scalp. Data on hospitalizations, surgeries and success rates of patients who required skin grafts where the scalp acted as a donor site in the ERB, between January 2018 and December 2021 were described. All data were obtained through the Information System made available by the Piccolo Group Burn Emergency Room. The study sample was composed of the population admitted for hospital treatment of burns by the Emergency Room mentioned in Goiânia during the studied period. RESULTS: Performing grafts using the scalp as a donor area has the potential to reduce both morbidity and mortality resulting from direct infections in the unprotected burned area, and reducing psychosocial problems related to scars and the appearance of donor areas.