Socioeconomic inequalities and changes in oral health behaviors among Brazilian adolescents from 2009 to 2012
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2015
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze oral health behaviors changes over time in Brazilian
adolescents concerning maternal educational inequalities.
METHODS: Data from the Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar
(Brazilian National School Health Survey) were analyzed. The sample was
composed of 60,973 and 61,145 students from 26 Brazilian state capitals and
the Federal District in 2009 and 2012, respectively. The analyzed factors were
oral health behaviors (toothbrushing frequency, sweets consumption, soft
drink consumption, and cigarette experimentation) and sociodemographics
(age, sex, race, type of school and maternal schooling). Oral health behaviors
and sociodemographic factors in the two years were compared (Rao-Scott
test) and relative and absolute measures of socioeconomic inequalities in
health were estimated (slope index of inequality and relative concentration
index), using maternal education as a socioeconomic indicator, expressed
in number of years of study (> 11; 9-11; ≤ 8).
RESULTS: Results from 2012, when compared with those from 2009, for all
maternal education categories, showed that the proportion of people with
low toothbrushing frequency increased, and that consumption of sweets
and soft drinks and cigarette experimentation decreased. In private schools,
positive slope index of inequality and relative concentration index indicated
higher soft drink consumption in 2012 and higher cigarette experimentation
in both years among students who reported greater maternal schooling, with
no significant change in inequalities. In public schools, negative slope index
of inequality and relative concentration index indicated higher soft drink
consumption among students who reported lower maternal schooling in both
years, with no significant change overtime. The positive relative concentration
index indicated inequality in 2009 for cigarette experimentation, with a higher
prevalence among students who reported greater maternal schooling. There
were no inequalities for toothbrushing frequency or sweets consumption.
CONCLUSIONS: There were changes in the prevalences of oral health
behaviors during the analyzed period; however, these changes were not
related to maternal education inequalities.
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Adolescent behavior, Oral hygiene, Health knowledge, Health inequalities, Attitudes, practice, Socioeconomic factors, Dental health surveys
Citação
FREIRE, Maria do Carmo Matias. Socioeconomic inequalities and changes in oral health behaviors among Brazilian adolescents from 2009 to 2012. Revista de Saúde Pública, São Paulo, v. 49, p. 1-10, 2015.