Vigorexia e o uso de anabolizantes: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

This study aims to investigate, through a narrative review, the relationship between vigorexia — also known as muscle dysmorphia — and the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS). The research followed a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive approach, based on the analysis of scientific articles found in Google Scholar, published in Portuguese over the last 15 years. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, six studies were selected that addressed the sociocultural, psychological, and physiological aspects related to the disorder and the use of steroids. The findings reveal that the pursuit of an idealized body, strongly influenced by media and societal standards, is associated with body dissatisfaction and the development of compulsive behaviors, such as excessive training and self-medication with AAS. Most studies indicated that vigorexia symptoms often precede the use of steroids, although some cases showed that these substances intensified the symptoms. Furthermore, the psychological effects of prolonged AAS use include dependency, mood swings, anxiety, and low self-esteem. The analysis also suggests a relationship between socioeconomic factors and access to anabolic substances. In this context, it is concluded that vigorexia and the use of anabolic steroids form a complex relationship that demands attention from health and physical education professionals, both for prevention and intervention strategies.