Impact of meningococcal C conjugate vaccination four years after introduction of routine childhood immunization in Brazil
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2017
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Background: Routine infant immunization with meningococcal C conjugate (MCC) vaccination started in
Brazil in November 2010, scheduled at three and five months plus a booster at 12–15 months of age. No
catch-up was implemented. We assessed the impact of vaccination on meningococcal C disease (MenC)
four years after vaccination start in the National Immunization Program.
Methods: We performed an ecological quasi-experimental design from 2008 to 2014 using a determinis tic linkage between the National Notification and the National Reference Laboratory databases for menin gitis. We conducted an interrupted time-series analysis considering Brazil except for Salvador
municipality, because an epidemic of serogroup C disease occurred in this city, which prompted a mass
vaccination campaign with catch-up for adolescents in 2010. Observed MenC rates in the post vaccination period were compared to expected rates calculated from the pre-vaccination years. Results
for Salvador were presented as descriptive data. An additional time-series analysis was performed for
the state of São Paulo.
Results: A total of 18,136 MenC cases were analyzed. The highest incidence rates were observed for
infants aged <12 months and no second incident peak was observed for adolescents. For Brazil, MenC
rates were reduced by 67.2% (95%CI 43.0–91.4%) for infants <12 months of age, 92.0% (77.3–106.8%)
for the age-group 12–23 months, and 64.6% (24.6–104.5%) for children aged 2–4 years. For children 5–
9 years old, MenC rates reduced 19.2% (9.5–28.9%). Overall, 955 MenC cases were averted in Brazil in
individuals aged <40 years after MCC vaccination. Results from São Paulo State, mirror the patterns seen
in Brazil.
Conclusion: After four years of infants and toddlers vaccination start, MenC invasive disease reduced in
the target population. This investigation provide a robust baseline to ascertain how much the upcoming
catch-up dose in 12–13 years of age will accelerate the decrease in MenC incidence rates among youths in
Brazil.
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Invasive meningococcal disease, Serogroup C meningococcal disease, Meningococcal vaccines, Vaccination impact, Surveillance, Data linkage, Interrupted time-series analysis, Neisseria meningitidis
Citação
ANDRADE, Ana Lucia et al. Impact of meningococcal C conjugate vaccination four years after introduction of routine childhood immunization in Brazil. Vaccine, Amsterdam, v. 35, n. 16, p. 2025-2033, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.010. Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X1730316X. Acesso em: 12 ago. 2024.