Desafios no processo de obtenção da segurança hídrica frente a aplicação dos instrumentos de gestão da água

Abstract

The increase in water demand has aggravated conflicts between different users and about half of the world population lives in areas of potential water scarcity, for at least one month a year, a percentage that could worsen until 2050. These two pieces of evidence point todimension of the water crisis on a world scale. The extensive literature on the subject highlights that this crisis is more related to management than to resource availability. In this sense, there are gaps in theunderstanding and applicability of instruments responsible for supporting the Integrated Water Resources Management-IWRMprocess, as well as their importance for Water Security. In this context, the main objective of the research is to characterize the current scenario of WaterSecurity in an interstate watershed, as well as the weaknesses of the legal instruments involved in this process. To this end, a risk mapping was drawn up showing the weak points in terms of water security, based on data on water consumption, land use andoccupation, and water availability in the basin. The study was carried out in the hydrographic basin of the Paranaíba River, due to its socioeconomic importance for the central west region of Brazil, and presents as its main conclusions the need for the effective application of the management instruments of Law nº. 9,433 of 1997, in addition to the demonstration of the high risks to water security in upstream regions of large urban centers and especially in regions close to the source of the Paranaíba river. The results found reflect a national reality.