Simplificação da paisagem reduz a probabilidade de ocorrência da onça-parda em agroecossistemas no Cerrado do Brasil central

Abstract

This study investigates the occupancy patterns of Puma concolor in the Cerrado, a critical yet threatened area due to the expansion of monocultures, particularly soybean. Despite growing evidence that vegetation heterogeneity is crucial for the conservation of large species, there is a gap in understanding how different scales of heterogeneity affect puma presence. The aim of this work was to evaluate how the heterogeneity of native vegetation influences puma occupancy, utilizing the Shannon diversity index (SHDI). The methodology included spatial analyses at various scales, identifying 6 km as the most effective in explaining puma occupancy. The results reveal that more heterogeneous areas at this scale provide diverse resources and refuges, reducing pressure from human activities. In contrast, habitat homogenization, primarily from pastures and agriculture, decreases the probability of occupancy, aligning with Metapopulation Theory, which highlights the dependency of large carnivores on continuous blocks of vegetation. The research emphasizes the need for sustainable practices, such as silvopastoral systems, to enhance structural diversity and promote coexistence between pumas and humans. We conclude that conservation strategies should integrate habitat protection and coexistence policies, which are essential to ensure the survival of the puma and the biodiversity of the Cerrado.