Diagnóstico de qualidade de energia elétrica em empresa com usina solar fotovoltaica

Abstract

Electricity is an indispensable resource in modern society, essential for economic, social, and technological development. Its importance lies in sustaining the operation of basic infrastructure, such as hospitals, transportation, telecommunications, and supply systems, permeating all areas of daily life, from household activities to industrial processes. However, mere access to energy is not sufficient; the quality of supply is equally crucial. Parameters of Power Quality (PQ), such as voltage and frequency stability, harmonic control, and power factor, directly influence the reliability and efficiency of the supply. Non-compliance with these standards can result in power outages, equipment overloads, and damage, leading to economic losses and safety risks. Thus, maintaining high PQ is essential to prevent interruptions and ensure user well-being. In the industrial sector, the importance of PQ is even greater due to the complexity of production processes. High-quality electricity is critical for the efficient operation of precision equipment, automated systems, and production lines, as variations such as overvoltage’s, harmonic distortions, and frequency fluctuations can cause unexpected stoppages, shorten equipment lifespan, and increase maintenance costs. The electricity photovoltaic generation has been widely adopted in industrial facilities as a cost-reduction strategy and for being a more sustainable source in terms of environmental preservation. This practice aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established by the United Nations (UN), particularly SDG 7, which aims to ensure universal access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy. This study analyzed the relationship between this type of generation and the compliance with PQ parameters in an industrial facility. Concepts were addressed, and aspects such as steady-state voltage, power factor, harmonic distortions, frequency, voltage imbalance, and reverse power flow were evaluated. Real data collected over a week were graphically processed to illustrate the impacts of power injection from the plant on quality indicators. Compliance was assessed based on PRODIST standards.