Microcefalia e recursos terapêuticos não farmacológicos: revisão integrativa

Resumo

Microcephaly is characterized in newborns by a head circumference of less than two standard deviations below the mean, considering gestational age, sex, and population. It has multifactorial and complex causes, affecting the nervous system in the fetus or, later, impacting the child's development and adaptation to the environment. To date, there is no specific treatment. The objective of this integrative review was to collect, analyze, and synthesize the available evidence involving non-pharmacological therapeutic resources provided to babies or children under five years old with microcephaly. The guiding question was "What non-pharmacological therapeutic resources are provided to infants or children with microcephaly?". Between August 2023 and January 2024, the databases were consulted: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, BVS, PubMed, LILACS MEDLINE, Google Scholar, websites of the Ministry of Health, World Health Organization, Pan American Health Organization in Portuguese, Spanish, French, and English, with no initial publication limit. Of the 3980 publications found, 31 were selected, highlighting the therapeutic resources in the preferred age between zero and three years: Early Stimulation, Physiotherapy, Bobath Method, Therapeutic Clothing, Canine Assisted Therapy, Padovan Method, Goals, Activity and Motor Enrichment, Intervention, and Responsive Care, administered by professionals from public agencies and universities. Conclusion: Early stimulation was the most cited resource. Family participation proved necessary. Given that there is no known cure for microcephaly, it is essential to continue research, expand existing therapies, and provide ongoing support to children, families, involving different professionals and institutions.
La microcefalia en recién nacidos se caracteriza por una circunferencia de la cabeza inferior a dos desviaciones estándar de la media según edad, sexo y población. Sus causas son multifactoriales y complejas, afectando el sistema nervioso del feto y el desarrollo del niño. No hay tratamiento específico conocido. Esta revisión integradora analizó la evidencia sobre recursos terapéuticos no farmacológicos para bebés o niños menores de cinco años con microcefalia. Entre agosto de 2023 y enero de 2024 se consultaron bases de datos como Cochrane, PubMed, LILACS MEDLINE, Google Scholar, sitios web del Ministerio de Salud, Organización Mundial de la Salud, Organización Panamericana de la Salud abarcando documentos en portugués, español, francés e inglés. De 3980 publicaciones encontradas, se seleccionaron 31 que destacan terapias para niños de cero a tres años: Estimulación Temprana, Fisioterapia, Método Bobath, Ropa Terapéutica, Terapia Asistida con Caninos, Método Padovan, Metas, Actividad y Enriquecimiento Motor, Intervención y Cuidados Responsivos, administrados por profesionales y universidades. Conclusión: La estimulación temprana fue el recurso más citado y la participación familiar es esencial. Ante la falta de cura para la microcefalia, es vital seguir investigando, ampliar las terapias y apoyar a niños y familias con la ayuda de varios profesionales e instituciones.

Descrição

Citação

RODRIGUES, Márcia Elisabeth; ZARA, Ana Laura de Sene Amâncio; PASSOS, Saulo Duarte. Microcefalia e recursos terapêuticos não farmacológicos: revisão integrativa. Contribuciones a las Ciencias Sociales, São José dos Pinhais, v. 18, n. 2, e15486, 2025. DOI: 10.55905/revconv.18n.2-194. Disponível em: https://ojs.revistacontribuciones.com/ojs/index.php/clcs/article/view/15486. Acesso em: 13 jul. 2026.