Understanding the potential of Tropaeolum majus, a non-conventional food plant, in lipid and glucose metabolism

Abstract

Brazil has one of the world's richest plant biodiversity, with approximately 46,000 species, including approximately 3000 non-conventional food plants (NCFPs). However, the nutritional, bioactive, and technological potentials of these plants remain underutilized and often overlooked. Tropaeolum majus (T. majus), an underexplored NCFPs, has shown promise in modulating lipid and glucose metabolism, which are key factors in metabolic health. Metabolic potential is closely linked to diverse bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, glucosinolates, and antioxidants, which contribute to its health-promoting properties. Moreover, it is a edible plant with a complete nutritional composition, characterized by high levels of protein and fiber along with low lipid content, making it an appealing option for both dietary inclusion and as a raw material for extracting and isolating valuable components. This review aimed to present information about the production processes, physicochemical characteristics, and bioactive potential of T. majus, emphasizing its role as a regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism, as supported by current scientific evidence.