Salmonelose em sistema intensivo de criação de suínos: epidemiologia, patogenia, diagnóstico e controle

Abstract

The demand for safe food has been an increasing market. The absence of pathogenic microorganisms, especially those that cause zoonotic disease in animal products, is a requirement of national and international. Among these microorganisms, Salmonella has been a concern during the year, industry and poultry products has gained importance also in the production of pigs. From the increasing emphasis on safety of meat products that reach the consumer, has been encouraged to identify ways to reduce or eliminate Salmonella sp., before slaughter, since the reductiun of infection rates to the pre-slaughter results in increased safety of pork products (FUNK, et al., 2001). In pig production, the salmonella is characterized by two problems: the presence of serovars pathogenic adapted to pigs, which cause gastroenteritis and sepsis and the presence of strains that do not cause disease in animals, but are major sources of contamination of carcasses in abattoirs and that can infect humans (zoonosis). Salmonellosis is a major human foodborne diseases varying in severity according to patient conditions. Children, elderly and immunocompromised are at highest risk (SOBESTIANSKY & BARCELLOS, 2007). The epidemiology of Salmonella infection in pigs is complex, with multiple factors involved in transmission of the microorganism. Along the production chain is possible to observe the amplification of the problem, usually by the rapid transmission of bacteria to uninfected animals, after contact with environment and animals positive for Salmonella. The prevalence of Salmonella sp. can be measured by serological and bacteriological (VAN DER GAAG et al., 2004), and the microbiological isolation is the most widely used method of diagnosis. The security of a free product of Salmonella passes through the control measures implemented on the farm, in transport, expects pre-slaughter and processing line. Only an integrated effort at all stages ensure the success of control programs. This review aims to address issues related to salmonellosis in intensive system of rearing pigs, describing the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and suggest control measures.