Dinâmica dos casos prováveis de dengue em Goiânia entre 2010 e 2024

Abstract

Dengue is an arboviral disease caused by a virus of the Flavivirus genus and transmitted in Brazil by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Since 2010, the simultaneous circulation of the four viral serotypes (DENV1, 2, 3, and 4) in Brazil has characterized a scenario of hyperendemicity, resulting in frequent outbreaks and a reduction in inter-epidemic periods. Given this scenario, this study aimed to extract, organize, and analyze epidemiological data on dengue in the municipality of Goiânia between 2010 and 2024. The research utilized records from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), extracted using the TABNET tool from the SINAN, as well as data from the 2022 Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) for contextualization. The analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics in Microsoft Excel®, allowing the evaluation of case trends and possible correlations with climatic and demographic factors. The results indicate that dengue remains endemic, with recurrent outbreaks driven by environmental and population conditions. The simultaneous circulation of serotypes worsens the situation, overloading the healthcare system, especially during critical periods of the disease, such as in 2015 and 2024. The highest incidence was observed among young adults, while the elderly exhibited the highest lethality. Declines were observed in 2020 and 2021, possibly related to the pandemic, reflecting underreporting. The study highlights the need to strengthen epidemiological surveillance, vector control, and hospital infrastructure to mitigate the impacts of dengue.