Diabetes mellitus: classificação, complicações e desenvolvimento de terapias personalizadas por impressão 3D

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition of increasing relevance to public health, with a significant economic and social impact, especially due to the rise in prevalence and associated complications, such as cardiovascular diseases and kidney failure. The incidence of DM has been increasing globally, with type 2 being the most prevalent, directly linked to factors such as obesity and physical inactivity. Traditional treatment involves glucose monitoring and the use of (bio)pharmaceuticals, such as insulin, but a personalized approach shows promise. 3D printing, with its applications in medical devices such as insulin-controlled release systems and pancreatic cell bioprinting, emerges as a significant innovation. This technology allows the creation of solutions tailored to individual patient needs, with the potential to improve glycemic control, reduce complications, and offer new therapeutic perspectives, including the regeneration of pancreatic tissue. However, the use of 3D printing still faces technical challenges, such as manufacturing precision and material biocompatibility, as well as regulatory and cost issues. The pharmacist plays an essential role in integrating these technologies into DM treatment, contributing to patient education and therapy personalization. The development of these innovative approaches points to a future with more effective and accessible treatments for diabetic patients, promoting better clinical outcomes and quality of life.