Testing of four Leishmania vaccine candidates in a mouse model of infection with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, the main causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World
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2007-09
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We evaluated whether four recombinant antigens previously used for vaccination against experimental
infection with Leishmania (Leishmania) major could also induce protective immunity against a challenge with
Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, the species responsible for 90% of the 28,712 annual cases of cutaneous and
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis recorded in Brazil during the year of 2004. Initially, we isolated the homolog
genes encoding four L. (V.) braziliensis antigens: (i) homologue of receptor for activated C kinase, (ii)
thiol-specific antioxidant, (iii) Leishmania elongation and initiation factor, and (iv) L. (L.) major stress-
inducible protein 1. At the deduced amino acid level, all four open reading frames had a high degree of identity
with the previously described genes of L. (L.) major being expressed on promastigotes and amastigotes of L.
(V.) braziliensis. These genes were inserted into the vector pcDNA3 or expressed as bacterial recombinant
proteins. After immunization with recombinant plasmids or proteins, BALB/c mice generated specific antibody
or cell-mediated immune responses (gamma interferon production). After an intradermal challenge with L.
(V.) braziliensis infective promastigotes, no significant reduction on the lesions was detected. We conclude that
the protective immunity afforded by these four vaccine candidates against experimental cutaneous leishman-
iasis caused by L. (L.) major could not be reproduced against a challenge with L. (V.) braziliensis. Although
negative, we consider our results important since they suggest that studies aimed at the development of an
effective vaccine against L. (V.) braziliensis, the main causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New
World, should be redirected toward distinct antigens or different vaccination strategies.
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SALAY, G.; DORTA, M. L.; SANTOS, N. M.; MORTARA, R. A.; BRODSKIN, C.; BARBIERI, C. L.; RODRIGUES, M. M. Testing of four Leishmania vaccine candidates in a mouse model of infection with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, the main causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, Washington, v. 14, n. 9, p. 1173-81, Sept. 2007.