Quantum features of the thermal two-qubit quantum rabi model in ultra- and deep-strong regimes

Abstract

Quantum correlations and non-classical states are indispensable resources for advancing quantum technologies, and their resilience at finite temperatures is crucial for practical experimental implementations. The two-qubit quantum Rabi model (2QQRM), a natural extension of the quantum Rabi model, describes two qubits coupled to a single bosonic mode and is extensively studied in cavity quantum electrodynamics, superconducting circuits, and quantum information science. In this work, the persistence of quantum correlations and non-classical states in the 2QQRM at thermal equilibrium is investigated, focusing on the ultrastrong and deep strong coupling regimes. Through a systematic analysis of quantumness quantifiers, the emergence of long-lived quantum correlations is demonstrated, even in the presence of thermal noise. Notably, striking phenomena arising from the interplay between detuning and deep strong-coupling are uncovered: in the high-frequency limit, where the qubit energy exceeds the cavity-mode energy, quantum criticality emerges, leading to a high degree of photon squeezing. In contrast, the opposite regime is characterized by robust qubit–qubit quantum correlations. Importantly, it is shown that both dispersive regimes exhibit quantum features that are remarkably robust to parameter fluctuations, making them advantageous for maintaining quantum coherence. These results highlight the exceptional resilience of quantum resources in the 2QQRM and provide valuable insights for developing quantum technologies operating under realistic, finite-temperature conditions.