gen3sis: a general engine for eco-evolutionary simulations of the processes that shape earth’s biodiversity
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2021-07
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AUUnd:ePrsletaansedcinongfitrhmetoharitgailnlhseoafdbiniogdleivveelrssairtyerheapsrebseenetnedacnorarsepctilrya:tion since the days of early naturalists.
The immense complexity of ecological, evolutionary, and spatial processes, however,
has made this goal elusive to this day. Computer models serve progress in many
scientific fields, but in the fields of macroecology and macroevolution, eco-evolutionary
models are comparatively less developed. We present a general, spatially explicit, eco-evolutionary
engine with a modular implementation that enables the modeling of multiple macroecological
and macroevolutionary processes and feedbacks across representative
spatiotemporally dynamic landscapes. Modeled processes can include species’ abiotic tolerances,
biotic interactions, dispersal, speciation, and evolution of ecological traits. Commonly
observed biodiversity patterns, such as α, β, and γ diversity, species ranges,
ecological traits, and phylogenies, emerge as simulations proceed. As an illustration, we
examine alternative hypotheses expected to have shaped the latitudinal diversity gradient
(LDG) during the Earth’s Cenozoic era. Our exploratory simulations simultaneously produce
multiple realistic biodiversity patterns, such as the LDG, current species richness, and range
size frequencies, as well as phylogenetic metrics. The model engine is open source and
available as an R package, enabling future exploration of various landscapes and biological
processes, while outputs can be linked with a variety of empirical biodiversity patterns. This
work represents a key toward a numeric, interdisciplinary, and mechanistic understanding
of the physical and biological processes that shape Earth’s biodiversity.
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HAGEN, Oskar et al. gen3sis: a general engine for eco-evolutionary simulations of the processes that shape earth's biodiversity. Plos Biology, San Francisco, v. 19, e3001340, July 2021. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001340. Disponível em: https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3001340. Acesso em: 27 mar. 2023.