Modulação da imunidade pela microbiota intestinal: uma revisão descritiva sobre o uso de probióticos como imunorreguladores

Abstract

This study sought to understand how the use of probiotics can contribute to human health. A descriptive review was conducted with the terms MALT, GALT, gut and physiology, mucosal immunity, gut microbiota, microbiota host interactions, M cells, intestinal immune cells, Probiotic, Probiotic and diseases. The main findings indicated that probiotics can contribute to human health through immunoregulation, by stimulating the production of IgA’s and modulating inflammation via TLR activation. These microorganisms also assist the human body by their ability to produce and secrete substances with antimicrobial properties, such as the 925A strain of Lactobacillus brevis. In addition to presenting the ability to competitively inhibit a wide bacterial spectrum, including E. coli, Salmonella, Helicobacter pylori, Listeria monocytogenes and Rotavirus, as is the case with strains of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. It was concluded that probiotics can positively alter the dynamics of human health through immunoregulation, production of antimicrobial substances and by the competitive exclusion of pathogens. Such understandings are fundamental tools for the development of new approaches and products that explore the use of probiotics in modulating the immune system, treating pathologies and even in optimizing the efficacy of vaccines, and that more research is needed to optimize their use in clinical practice.