Sistemas lipídicos para liberação de fármacos no sistema nervoso central: estratégias de delivery baseada na estrutura e composição dos lipídios cerebrais

Abstract

The pharmacological treatment of neurological disorders has proven to be essential in controlling symptoms of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Although effective, the low aqueous solubility of some lipophilic drugs that act on the CNS limits their absorption and bioavailability at the intended site. To overcome these limitations, different technological approaches have been explored for lipid-based drug delivery. These systems are designed to increase the solubility of the active compound, facilitate intestinal absorption, and avoid pre-systemic metabolism, thereby improving oral bioavailability. Advances in the development of these systems may also enable the exploration of new target-directed therapies by delivering drug molecules precisely where they are needed, which is crucial for CNS-related pathologies. This study focuses on exploring the lipid composition of the brain, with an emphasis on polyunsaturated fatty acids that show potential for interacting with nervous tissue to design lipid-based systems for brain drug delivery. Thus, the development of lipid-based drug delivery systems modeled after the brain's composition appears as a promising strategy to optimize pharmacokinetics, targeting, and efficacy in the treatment of CNS diseases.