Representation of relief by geomorphometric archetypes: a ‘new’ vision of geomorphological mapping in Brazil

Abstract

This study presents a geomorphological map of Brazil based on geomorphometric parameters. The lack of standardized relief representation highlights the need for objective delineation of relief units using measurable morphometric characteristics. Available relief and slope were combined with a geomorphometric approach based on mathematical modelling to identify predominant landform archetypes and define metric relief classes consistent with observed terrain conditions. A classification system dividing Brazil into fifteen relief classes was developed, including plains, fluvial terraces, alluvial fans, depressions, plateaus, scarps, sierras, hills and low hills. Each class was associated with characteristic slope forms. The resulting geomorphological map improves the consistency and accuracy of relief representation and supports analyses of human–environment interactions, with applications in land-use planning, environmental management, agriculture, mineral exploration, and protected-area management.