Implantes eletrônicos para restabelecimento da visão em cegos
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Data
2004
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Resumo
Recent success in the development of a prosthesis for the
deaf patient encouraged several groups of scientists to deve-
lop and investigate a visual prosthesis. Visual prosthesis are based on neuronal electrical stimulation at different locations
along the visual pathways, and three localizations of visual
prosthesis are being researched, retina, optic nerve, and
cortex. Retina and optic nerve implants may restore vision in
patients with progressive retinal degenerations by means of
electrical stimulation of visual pathway neurons. Cortex pros-
thesis may restore vision in a greater number of blind patients
due to the more posterior location in the visual pathway.
While major advances have been made in the field of visual
prosthesis for the blind, a number of key questions remain to
render a visual prosthesis feasible. Yet, investigation is justi-
fied regarding the long-term effects and functioning of the
various electronic implants. Here we review shortly the ratio-
nale for such treatment, the three different possibilities of
stimulating the visual pathway, and what are the challenges
yet to be surpassed.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Degeneração macular, Macular degeneration, Envelhecimento/cegueira, eletrodos implantados, Implante de prótese, Retina/cirurgia, Nervo óptico/fisiologia, Retinite pigmentosa, Estimulação elétrica, Glaucoma, Córtex visual/fisiologia, Aging/blindness, Glaucoma, Electrodes, implanted, Optic nerve/physiology, Prosthesis implantation, Electric stimulation, Retina/surgery, Visual cortex/physiology, Retinitis pigmentosa
Citação
RODRIGUES, Eduardo Buchele et al. Implantes eletrônicos para restabelecimento da visão em cegos. Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia, São Paulo, v. 67, n. 2, p. 359-369, 2004.